{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:15:06Z","timestamp":1789514106206,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPIT-UHU for data collection and the PAIDI financial support to the Research Group \u201cPsychology and Emerging Social Problems\u201d SEJ-451 for translation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Refereeing is associated with a high prevalence of mental health issues. Mental health problems are quite common in sport and referees are no exception. In the case of referees, psychological disorders have been associated with a number of factors and lower league officials appear more likely to experience psychological distress compared to their higher league counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim is to analyze the relationship between psychological inflexibility, perfectionism, and psychopathological symptomatology in soccer officials.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A cross-sectional, anonymous, online study was conducted. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire; the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire was used to assess psychological inflexibility; Perfectionism was assessed using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Participants are 156 active main referee (96.8% male), of whom 63.5% are at amateur level and 36.5% at semi-professional\/professional level.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>No significant differences were found between amateur and semi-professional\/professional referees in psychological inflexibility and psychopathological symptoms, except for paranoid ideation, where amateurs scored higher. Significant differences were observed in the total scores of maladaptive perfectionism, particularly regarding external influences, with amateurs scoring higher. In adaptive perfectionism, significant differences were noted in both total scores and achievement expectations, with amateurs obtaining higher scores. Psychological inflexibility demonstrated a strong predictive capacity for psychopathological symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.716). When maladaptive perfectionism was incorporated in the model, it significantly predicted 17.6% of the variance. Adaptive perfectionism, however, did not significantly predict psychopathological symptomatology.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The results suggest that psychological inflexibility and maladaptive perfectionism are good predictors of psychopathological symptoms and mental health in referees. The status of amateur or semi-professional officials does not differentiate them from professional referees in terms of psychological disorders, but it does in terms of perfectionism. With a view to the future, it is important to intervene on these constructs, which are modifiable and facilitate their well-being.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T08:21:32Z","timestamp":1754900492000},"page":"e19790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychopathological symptoms in soccer referees: the role of psychological inflexibility and perfectionism"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Arbinaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Moreno San Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Isabel","family":"Mendoza-Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.551541","article-title":"Examining the influence of the parent-initiated and coach-created motivational climates upon athletes\u2019 perfectionistic cognitions","volume":"29","author":"Appleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s42978-023-00234-z","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing related to psychological inflexibility, self-reported injuries and perfectionism in soccer referees","volume":"7","author":"Arbinaga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-3","volume-title":"Sport psychology and health: a complex relationship","author":"Arbinaga","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-4","first-page":"23","article-title":"Burnout syndrome and resilience in soccer and basketball referees","volume":"28","author":"Arbinaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00337-6","article-title":"Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological health: psychometric properties of the coronavirus stress measure","volume":"19","author":"Arslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-6","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of perfectionism","author":"Bisgaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"PhD thesis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance","volume":"42","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"153","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-8","first-page":"49","article-title":"The assessment of perfectionism: usefulness of the multidimensional perfectionism scale in the spanish population","volume":"36","author":"Carrasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"An\u00e1lisis y Modificaci\u00f3n de Conducta"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8265","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218265","article-title":"Examining negative emotional symptoms and psychological wellbeing of Australian sport officials","volume":"17","author":"Carson","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-016-9764-7","article-title":"Gratitude and athletes\u2019 life satisfaction: the moderating role of mindfulness","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-11","first-page":"61","article-title":"Perfectionism and the stress process in intercollegiate athletes: examining the 2\u00a0\u00d72 model of perfectionism in sport competition","volume":"45","author":"Crocker","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-12","first-page":"139","article-title":"Using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to treat perfectionism in college students","volume-title":"Mindfulness & acceptance for counselling college students","volume":"Vol. 99","author":"Crosby","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2013.01.003","article-title":"Sports officials\u2019 intention to continue","volume":"16","author":"Cuskelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sport Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/107319119700400306","article-title":"Development of a brief, multidimensional, self-report instrument for treatment outcomes assessment in psychiatric settings: preliminary findings","volume":"4","author":"Davison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-15","first-page":"20","article-title":"Une approche transdiagnostique et bas\u00e9e sur les processus du perfectionnisme inadapt\u00e9=A transdiagnostic and process-based approach of maladaptive perfectionism","volume":"24","author":"Delor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revue Francophone De Clinique Comportementale Et Cognitive"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197710)33:4%3C981::AID-JCLP2270330412%3E3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Confirmation of dimensional structure of the SCL-90: a study in construct validation","volume":"33","author":"Derogatis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-18","first-page":"137","article-title":"Athletic performance, leadership styles, and experiential avoidance in young soccer players from Almer\u00eda","volume":"21","author":"Fenoy-Castilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00326.x","article-title":"The perils of perfectionism in sports and exercise","volume":"14","author":"Flett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.03.006","article-title":"Validation of the Schizotypal personality questionnaire brief form in adolescents","volume":"111","author":"Fonseca-Pedrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01172967","article-title":"The dimensions of perfectionism","volume":"14","author":"Frost","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02016","article-title":"Psychological flexibility as a resilience factor in individuals with chronic pain","volume":"10","author":"Gentili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096455","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and non-athletes: a comparative meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Gorczynski","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2017.1248796","article-title":"Symptoms of common mental disorders among professional football referees: a one-season prospective study across Europe","volume":"45","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physician and Sportsmedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.04.006","article-title":"The mental health of Australian elite athletes","volume":"18","author":"Gulliver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162729","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1162729","article-title":"The contribution of transdiagnostic vulnerability factors in patients with chronic insomnia","volume":"14","author":"Habibi-Asgarabad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-27","first-page":"178","article-title":"Perfectionism: a hallmark quality of world class performers, or a psychological impediment to athletic development?","volume-title":"Perspectives in sport and exercise psychology","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Hall","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-28","volume-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy","author":"Hayes","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.06.006","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Hayes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-30","volume-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy. The process and practice of conscious change (Mindfulness)","author":"Hayes","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2007.09.004","article-title":"Perfectionism and burnout in junior elite soccer players: the mediating influence of unconditional self-acceptance","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119568124.ch7","article-title":"Perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: an extended review and reanalysis","volume-title":"Handbook of sport psychology","author":"Hill","year":"2019","edition":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1037\/spy0000041","article-title":"A qualitative study of perfectionism among self-identified perfectionists in sport and the performing arts","volume":"4","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.03.001","article-title":"Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health","volume":"30","author":"Kashdan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001043","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health symptoms among male and female Australian professional footballers","volume":"7","author":"Kilic","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000306","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000306","article-title":"Exposure to physical and psychosocial stressors in relation to symptoms of common mental disorders among European professional football referees: a prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Kilic","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00092-7","article-title":"Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence","volume":"32","author":"Koivula","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2014.06.003","article-title":"Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders","volume":"3","author":"Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111214","article-title":"A not so perfect plan: an examination of the differential influence of multidimensional perfectionism on missed and gained events during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"184","author":"Levine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2022.2084150","article-title":"Examining the mental health status of referees in the Turkish professional football league","volume":"7","author":"Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science and Medicine in Football"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2022-0018","article-title":"Mental health symptoms of amateur association football referees: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2017.07.010","article-title":"Perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and reactions to poor personal performances among intercollegiate athletes","volume":"33","author":"Lizmore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203119914","article-title":"The sport official in research and practice","volume-title":"Developing sport expertise\u2014researchers and coaches put theory into practice","author":"MacMahon","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.03.034","article-title":"Athletes\u2019 perfectionism and reasons for training: perfectionistic concerns predict training for weight control","volume":"115","author":"Madigan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2023.2206751","article-title":"Investigating differences in cognitive flexibility, clinical perfectionism, and eating disorder-specific rumination across anorexia nervosa illness states","volume":"31","author":"Miles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.08.001","article-title":"Perfectionism and health functioning in women with fibromyalgia","volume":"73","author":"Molnar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.3.4.291","article-title":"Theoretical and empirical developments of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach to performance enhancement","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/13284207.2024.2362440","article-title":"The role of clinical perfectionism and psychological flexibility in distress and wellbeing","volume":"28","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Psychologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00893","article-title":"Comparison of Athletes\u2019 proneness to depressive symptoms in individual and team sports: research on psychological mediators in junior elite athletes","volume":"17","author":"Nixdorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1882.2014.00049.x","article-title":"Multidimensional perfectionism, coping, and depression: differential prediction of depression symptoms by perfectionism type","volume":"17","author":"Noble","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of College Counseling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2020.09.007","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on neural activation in clinical perfectionism","volume":"18","author":"Ong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800041","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.800041","article-title":"Mediating role of psychological inflexibility as transdiagnostic factor in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and sleep problems with symptoms of emotional disorders","volume":"13","author":"Orouji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2021.102018","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders among elite Canadian athletes","volume":"57","author":"Poucher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.34","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing: a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Quartana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2012.12.002","article-title":"Perfectionism and performance among STEM students","volume":"82","author":"Rice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Vocational Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034446","article-title":"Perfectionism, emotion regulation, and the cortisol stress response","volume":"61","author":"Richardson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of College Counseling"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22856","article-title":"Perfection behind the whistle: perfectionism and perceived performance in soccer referees","volume":"9","author":"Robazza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-58","first-page":"125","article-title":"A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies","volume":"10","author":"Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2011.239","article-title":"Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: the Spanish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II","volume":"25","author":"Ruiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-60","first-page":"290","article-title":"SA-45: a brief form of the SCL-90","volume":"20","author":"Sand\u00edn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9000-6","article-title":"The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry","volume":"30","author":"Santanello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019007","article-title":"Psychological balance in high level athletes: gender-based differences and sport-specific patterns","volume":"6","author":"Schaal","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.11.002","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of hallucinations in Australian adolescents: results from a national survey","volume":"107","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1159\/000365174","article-title":"Perfectionism and maladaptive coping styles in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia\/arthritis and in healthy controls","volume":"83","author":"Sirois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1004_2","article-title":"Positive conceptions of perfectionism: approaches, evidence, challenges","volume":"10","author":"Stoeber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.09.006","article-title":"Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes: differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection","volume":"42","author":"Stoeber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.32598\/hms.26.1.3093.1","article-title":"Comparing the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the perfectionism of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Taghavizade-Ardakani","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-68","first-page":"197","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy with ecological systems theory: addressing Muslim mental health issues and wellbeing","volume":"3","author":"Tanhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800802629922","article-title":"The effect of perceived stress on the relationship between perfectionism and burnout in coaches","volume":"23","author":"Tashman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.02.006","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the interactive: evaluative concerns perfectionism moderates the effect of personal strivings perfectionism on self-esteem","volume":"95","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.09.001","article-title":"Psychological flexibility and catastrophizing as associated change mechanisms during online acceptance & commitment therapy for chronic pain","volume":"74","author":"Trompetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01074-8","article-title":"Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and psychological vulnerability","volume":"40","author":"U\u011fur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-73","first-page":"281","article-title":"Application of the list of stressful situations for arbitration (LISEA) in football referees","volume":"13","author":"Vela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Psicolog\u00eda del Ejercicio y el Deporte"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2019.03.003","article-title":"An analysis of soccer referee experiences in France and the Netherlands: abuse, conflict, and level of support","volume":"23","author":"Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport Management Review"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-75","volume-title":"Referees, match officials and abuse: research and implications for policy","author":"Webb","year":"2021","edition":"1"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.05.001","article-title":"Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash","volume":"14","author":"Wicksell","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095756","article-title":"Prevalence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms in college athletes and differences by gender and sport","volume":"50","author":"Wolanin","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19790\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/0748175614538064","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II for Chinese college students and elite Chinese athletes","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19790.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19790.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19790.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19790.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T08:21:36Z","timestamp":1754900496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.19790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.19790","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"article-number":"e19790"}}