{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:08:39Z","timestamp":1787508519502,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) responses during isometric handgrip strength tasks between primary open-angle glaucoma patients and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty older adults participated: 21 glaucoma patients and 19 controls. Participants randomly performed four trials at two intensities, maximal and submaximal (at 50% of self-perceived maximal effort), with two trials per hand (one for the left eye and one for the right eye). IOP was measured immediately before exercise, during exercise, and 5 seconds post-recovery. A four-factor mixed ANOVA was used to analyze IOP responses, with task intensity and time of measurement as within-subject factors, and group (glaucoma vs. control) and sex as the between-subjects factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IOP responses were comparable between glaucoma patients and healthy individuals, as the main effect of group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.117) and its interactions did not reach statistical significance. The main effect of time reached statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016) due to greater IOP values during the task (17.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7 mmHg) compared to pre-exercise (16.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.2 mmHg:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but post-exercise IOP (16.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.1 mmHg) was not significantly different from pre-exercise (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.334) or during exercise (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.727). Greater IOP values were observed for the maximal task compared to the submaximal task (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001), with no differences between men and women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.699).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Submaximal isometric strength training is a safe option for glaucoma patients treated with hypotensive eye drops.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T08:27:05Z","timestamp":1756196825000},"page":"e19845","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intraocular pressure responses during maximal and submaximal handgrip strength tasks in primary open-angle glaucoma patients and healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Morenas-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Laboratory, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danica","family":"Janicijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Laboratory, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amador","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19845\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2508","article-title":"Intraocular pressure increases in parallel with systemic blood pressure during isometric exercise","volume":"50","author":"Bakke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual 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