{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:55:42Z","timestamp":1755222942177,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023J011229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J011229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province, China","award":["2022ZQNZD010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZQNZD010"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Platform Project of Science and Technology, Fujian province","award":["2021Y2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y2012"]}]},{"name":"Key Project on the Integration of Industry, Education and Research Collaborative Innovation of Fujian Province","award":["2021YZ034011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YZ034011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the impact of changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during ovulation induction using flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) regimens in POSEIDON groups 1 and 2 on the clinical outcomes of fresh <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF)\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of females in POSEIDON groups 1 and 2 who underwent IVF\/ICSI using a flexible GnRH-A regimen at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. According to the values of change in LH [(LH level on the trigger day \u2212 baseline LH)\/baseline LH] \u00d7 100%, the study subjects were divided into five groups. The general information, laboratory indicators, and clinical outcomes of each group were compared.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In POSEIDON group 1, a significant difference was observed in terms of the number of retrieved eggs, mature eggs, fertilization number (two pronuclei (2PN) number), and cleavage among all groups (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values &lt; 0.05). In POSEIDON group 2, a significant difference was observed in terms of the number of retrieved eggs, mature eggs, fertilization number (2PN number), cleavage, excellent embryos, and blastocysts (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values &lt; 0.05). The number of eggs retrieved in group A was significantly lower than that in groups D and E (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively). The number of mature eggs in group A was significantly lower than that in groups D and E (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008 and 0.000, respectively). The number of mature eggs in group E was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033 and 0.021, respectively). The 2PN number in group A was significantly lower than that in groups D and E (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.042 and 0.002, respectively). The cleavage count of group E was significantly higher than that of groups A and C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005 and 0.037, respectively). The excellent embryos in group B were significantly lower than those of group E (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.038).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The use of a flexible GnRH-A regimen to induce ovulation in the POSEIDON groups 1 and 2 can lead to better-controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) outcomes. This involves the LH level on trigger day decreasing within the range of 0\u2013100% from baseline (with optimal range being \u2265 \u2212100% to \u221250%). This trend was more obvious in the POSEIDON group 2 population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1754902387000},"page":"e19857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of changes in LH levels in flexible antagonist protocols on the clinical outcomes of fresh IVF\/ICSI cycles in populations of POSEIDON groups 1 and 2: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, 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Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, 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