{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:34:16Z","timestamp":1779143656445,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, through the Large Research Group Project","award":["RGP2\/618\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/618\/46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Differences in tooth size across populations can significantly influence dental diagnosis, treatment planning, and forensic identification. Despite its relevance, comprehensive region-specific odontometric data\u2014particularly for the Indian population\u2014remain limited. This study aimed to obtain odontometric measurements of permanent mandibular first and second premolars in the Indian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to compare these measurements with Wheeler\u2019s dental morphology standards, focusing on crown length, root length, and total tooth length.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this retrospective study, 300 high-quality CBCT scans were analyzed. Measurements of crown, root, and overall tooth lengths for mandibular first and second premolars were obtained using CS 3D Imaging (Version 3.9.3). A one-sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test was performed to compare the mean values with Wheeler\u2019s reference standards.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Statistically significant differences were observed in all measured dimensions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). For first premolars, crown, root, and total lengths were shorter by 2.3\u00a0mm, 1.1 mm, and 3.4 mm, respectively. Second premolars showed reductions of 1.9 mm, 1.2 mm, and 3.0 mm, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This odontometric analysis highlights distinct dental morphological characteristics in the Indian population. These findings offer valuable insights for applications in anthropology, evolutionary biology, forensic science, and clinical dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T08:30:24Z","timestamp":1758875424000},"page":"e20039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Odontometric analysis of permanent mandibular first and second premolars in an Indian population using cone beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fiza","family":"Hamdulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai,  Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajinkya M.","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai,  Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Testarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asok","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman, United Arab 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