{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:26:40Z","timestamp":1787934400749,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Basketball players are a high-risk group for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study aimed to identify the critical factors contributing to ACL injuries in male basketball players and evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in injury prediction.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study protocol was registered with International Standard Registered Clinical\/soCial sTudy Number (ISRCTN) (Registration number: 18009799). A total of 104 male collegiate basketball players volunteered to participate in this study. Data on the athletes\u2019 profile, physical functions, basketball-specific skills, biomechanics, and electromyography (EMG) of seven lower limb muscles during unanticipated side-cutting maneuvers were collected. A 12-month follow-up was conducted to compare these variables between the injured (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) and non-injured (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a093) groups. Only the variables with significant differences between the groups were included in the predictive modeling.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The performance of machine learning models in predicting ACL injury risk was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The AUC-ROC values ranged from 0.66 to 0.80, with the random forest algorithm achieving the highest performance (AUC-ROC = 0.80). The most influential predicting feature observed during the emergency stop phase, included a greater knee flexion moment, reduced knee flexion angle, increased backward ground reaction force, and increased activation of the vastus lateralis muscle.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The random forest model demonstrated superior predictive performance, providing valuable insights into the key risk factors associated with ACL injury among male basketball players. This study highlighted the importance of biomechanical testing based on sport-specific movements to accurately predict the ACL injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T08:22:56Z","timestamp":1760430176000},"page":"e20141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prediction of ACL injury incidence and analysis of key features in basketball players based on multi-algorithm models"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Longfei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise & Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan,  Kubang Kerian, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Ping","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazlin","family":"Shaharudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise & Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan,  Kubang Kerian, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020570","article-title":"Novel study for the early identification of injury risks in athletes using machine learning techniques","volume":"14","author":"Ayala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967117710912","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117710912","article-title":"Phase-specific ground reaction force analyses of bilateral and unilateral jumps in patients with ACL reconstruction","volume":"5","author":"Baumgart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200301000-00019","article-title":"Muscle activation strategies at the knee during running and cutting maneuvers","volume":"35","author":"Besier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200107000-00015","article-title":"Anticipatory effects on knee joint loading during running and cutting maneuvers","volume":"33","author":"Besier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25257","article-title":"Mechanism of non-contact ACL injury: OREF clinical research award","volume":"40","author":"Boden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.896828","article-title":"Monitoring variables influence on random forest models to forecast injuries in short-track speed skating","volume":"4","author":"Briand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05051-w","article-title":"Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery","volume":"123","author":"Carmo","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00362-019-01124-9","article-title":"Foundations of machine learning, second edition","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Statistical Papers"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-9","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-10","first-page":"396","article-title":"Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1","volume":"9","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.523087","article-title":"Pivot task increases knee frontal plane loading compared with sidestep and drop-jump","volume":"29","author":"Cortes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289138","article-title":"Rank-biserial correlation","volume":"21","author":"Cureton","year":"1956","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-13","first-page":"3","article-title":"Exercises that facilitate optimal hamstring and quadriceps co-activation to help decrease ACL injury risk in healthy females: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Dedinsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"De Long","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199201000-00018","article-title":"Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity","volume":"24","author":"Devita","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922005000100004","article-title":"Influence of familiarization process on muscular strength assessment in 1-RM tests","volume":"11","author":"Dias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.05.004","article-title":"A qualitative screening tool to identify athletes with \u2018high-risk\u2019 movement mechanics during cutting: the cutting movement assessment score (CMAS)","volume":"38","author":"Dos\u2019Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0280800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280800","article-title":"Effects of the menstrual cycle phase on anterior cruciate ligament neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk surrogates in eumenorrheic and naturally menstruating women: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Dos\u2019Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics1010007","article-title":"The cutting movement assessment score (CMAS) qualitative screening tool: application to mitigate anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during cutting","volume":"1","author":"Dos\u2019Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-20","first-page":"317","article-title":"Basketball knee injuries and the anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"12","author":"Emerson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinics in Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516634000","article-title":"Modification of knee flexion angle has patient-specific effects on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors during jump landing","volume":"44","author":"Favre","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-12-8","article-title":"Predicting sample size required for classification performance","volume":"12","author":"Figueroa","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7110","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217110","article-title":"Scoring performance on the y-balance test using a deep learning approach","volume":"21","author":"Gil-Mart\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110730","article-title":"Using supervised learning machine algorithm to identify future fallers based on gait patterns: a two-year longitudinal study","volume":"127","author":"Gillain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.16099\/j.sus.2018.05.014","article-title":"Research on predicting trunk isometric strength with core stability related measurements","volume":"42","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Shanghai University of Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119886593","article-title":"Is the landing error scoring system reliable and valid? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Hanzl\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505284183","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: part 1, mechanisms and risk factors","volume":"34","author":"Hewett","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Hewett","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967118779862","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118779862","article-title":"Knee joint K inematics and kinetics during walking and running after surgical achilles tendon repair","volume":"6","author":"Jandacka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221112095","article-title":"Predicting ACL injury using machine learning on data from an extensive screening test battery of 880 female elite athletes","volume":"50","author":"Jauhiainen","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07654-y","article-title":"No difference in return to play rates between different elite sports after primary autograft ACL reconstruction","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520911608","article-title":"Association between knee anatomic metrics and biomechanics for male soldiers landing with load","volume":"48","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01038.x","article-title":"Functional movement test scores improve following a standardized off-season intervention program in professional football players","volume":"21","author":"Kiesel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2457-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the interaction between contact force and decision making on lower extremity biomechanics during a side-cutting maneuver","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514531578","article-title":"Effect of anticipation on lower extremity biomechanics during side- and cross-cutting maneuvers in young soccer players","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14322","article-title":"Predictive modeling of lower extremity injury risk in male elite youth soccer players using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression","volume":"33","author":"Kolodziej","year":"2023","journal-title":"ScandInavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506293899","article-title":"Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases","volume":"35","author":"Krosshaug","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515625048","article-title":"The vertical drop jump is a poor screening test for ACL injuries in female elite soccer and handball players: a prospective cohort study of 710 athletes","volume":"44","author":"Krosshaug","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967117745487","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117745487","article-title":"Sagittal plane hip, and knee, and ankle biomechanics and the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Lepp\u00e4nen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0316019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316019","article-title":"Area under the ROC Curve has the most consistent evaluation for binary classification","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.16469\/j.css.2014.12.007","article-title":"Stochastic biomechanical model and simulation for the injury rate and risk factors of the non-contact ACL injury","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Sports Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2022.107916","article-title":"Landing error scoring system: data from youth volleyball players","volume":"41","author":"Limroongreungrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","article-title":"A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis","volume":"42","author":"Litjens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Image Analysis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.16469\/j.css.2014.08.010","article-title":"Biomechanics research on laterality effect between dominant and non-dominant leg during single leg landing","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Sports Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01027.2005","article-title":"Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers","volume":"100","author":"Malisoux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2013.018","article-title":"The chi-square test of independence","volume":"23","author":"McHugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20161","article-title":"Effect of knee joint angle on motor unit synchronization","volume":"24","author":"Mellor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-49","first-page":"3","article-title":"Standards for reporting EMG data","volume":"9","author":"Merletti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/IST55454.2022.9827716","article-title":"Enhancing classification of elderly fall detection system using tuned RBF-SVM","volume-title":"IEEE International conference on imaging systems and techniques","author":"Miawarni","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59838","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-0037.2019v21e59838","article-title":"Power and agility testing within the NBA pre-draft combine","volume":"21","author":"Milan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2012.680633","article-title":"Systematic review: annual incidence of ACL injury and surgery in various populations","volume":"20","author":"Moses","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research in Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.018","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of valgus knee bracing: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Moyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1519\/13643.1","article-title":"Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes","volume":"19","author":"Myer","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511401900","article-title":"Measurements of tibiofemoral kinematics during soft and stiff drop landings using biplane fluoroscopy","volume":"39","author":"Myers","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2019.10.022","article-title":"Biomechanical and neuromuscular comparison of single-and multi-planar jump tests and a side-cutting maneuver: implications for ACL injury risk assessment","volume":"27","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6","article-title":"A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-2984-z","article-title":"Poor static balance is a risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"138","author":"Oshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.2244","article-title":"Star excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players","volume":"36","author":"Plisky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2478\/raft-2021-0027","article-title":"Study regarding the development of jumping ability in basketball game","volume":"26","author":"Pomohaci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Forces Academy Review"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214206","article-title":"Influence of optimizing XGBoost to handle class imbalance in credit card fraud detection","author":"Priscilla","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10030128","article-title":"Leg dominance effects on postural control when performing challenging balance exercises","volume":"10","author":"Promsri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091050","article-title":"The relationship between ACL injuries and physical fitness in young competitive ski racers: a 10-year longitudinal study","volume":"46","author":"Raschner","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01304-6","article-title":"Real-time sports injury monitoring system based on the deep learning algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Medical Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.048934","article-title":"Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement","volume":"42","author":"Renstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.36334\/modsim.2013.c4.robertson","article-title":"A modern take on the theoretical modelling of inertial properties of a human body for biomechanical simulations","author":"Robertson","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.05.041","article-title":"Lower quarter Y balance test performance: reference values for healthy youth aged 10 to 17 years","volume":"80","author":"Schwiertz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001323","article-title":"Muscle activation patterns during different squat techniques","volume":"31","author":"Slater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511429776","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the landing error scoring system (LESS) as a screening tool for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097270.100","article-title":"Overtraining as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in female basketball players","volume":"51","author":"Stojmenovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.07.028","article-title":"Mortality risk prediction in burn injury: comparison of logistic regression with machine learning approaches","volume":"41","author":"Stylianou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-72","first-page":"234","article-title":"Leveraging support vector machine for sports injury classification","author":"Surasak","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4200-4","article-title":"Muscle injuries of the dominant or non-dominant leg in male football players at elite level","volume":"26","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093141","article-title":"A machine-learning approach to measure the anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female basketball players","volume":"21","author":"Taborri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics5010011","article-title":"Tired of ACL injures: a review of methods and outcomes of neuromuscular fatigue as a risk factor for ACL injuries","volume":"5","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomechanics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001785","article-title":"Biomechanical differences of multidirectional jump landings among female basketball and soccer players","volume":"31","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.19443","article-title":"Functional movement screen detected asymmetry & normative values among college-aged students","volume":"16","author":"Triplett","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7563-6_53","article-title":"Detection of outliers using interquartile range technique from intrusion dataset","volume-title":"Information and Decision Sciences. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","volume":"vol. 701","author":"Vinutha","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2015.02.006","article-title":"Application of cross-validation in model selection for data modelling","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Economics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-80","article-title":"Gait characteristics change following an acute exposure to kneeling and filtering considerations for gait analysis","author":"Weeks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Master\u2019s thesis"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967119S00096","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119S00096","article-title":"Reliability of a new landing error scoring system: the LESS-RMC","volume":"7","author":"Wexler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2012.07.003","article-title":"Sidestep cutting maneuvers in female basketball players: stop phase poses greater risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3778\/j.issn.1002-8331.2101-0187","article-title":"A review of research on missing data processing methods","volume":"57","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Engineering Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107761","article-title":"Accurately and effectively predict the ACL force: utilizing biomechanical landing pattern before and after-fatigue","volume":"241","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0126","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0126","article-title":"New insights optimize landing strategies to reduce lower limb injury risk","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cyborg and Bionic Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2023.112140","article-title":"Improving machine learning based phase and hardness prediction of high-entropy alloys by using Gaussian noise augmented data","volume":"223","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computational Materials Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.11.003","article-title":"Lower extremity biomechanics during the landing of a stop-jump task","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666841","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.666841","article-title":"Fatigue induced by repeated changes of direction in \u00e9lite female football (soccer) players: impact on lower limb biomechanics and implications for ACL injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"Zago","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20141\/ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1711","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1711","article-title":"Feature selection based on neighborhood rough sets and Gini index","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ Computer Science"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20141.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20141.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T08:23:03Z","timestamp":1760430183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.20141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.20141","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"article-number":"e20141"}}