{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:21:42Z","timestamp":1762417302563,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["322772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322772"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICTI) of the state of Michoac\u00e1n de Ocampo, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Unique Curriculum Vitae","award":["444595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444595"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The constant use of agrochemicals in avocado plantations, because of their susceptibility to pests and diseases, continuously exposes those who work or reside near these orchards to health risks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between childhood leukemia cases in Michoac\u00e1n, paternal occupational exposure to agrochemicals, and environmental exposure due to residential proximity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational cohort study was performed. We analyzed 430 cases of leukemia in children under 18 years of age diagnosed between 2010-2023. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 46.6% of the parents of children with leukemia in this study had jobs related to the use of agrochemicals (\n                      <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , day laborers, peasants, farmers). Additionally, 65.4% of the leukemia cases occurred in municipalities producing avocado, the most important perennial crop in the state. Regarding the residential area analysis (mapping), many cases were found in contiguous zip codes and in areas densely occupied by avocado orchards. In addition, paternal occupations related to agrochemical use were associated with the avocado-growing zone, with an OR = 1.764 (95% CI [1.034\u20133.009],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0379). Interestingly, survival associated with agrochemical-related occupations has a higher mean survival (139.3 months) than all other parental occupations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0148).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The epidemiologic evidence found in this study supports the association between paternal occupational exposure to agrochemicals and childhood leukemia. Furthermore, children with leukemia who live in avocado-growing regions have a higher survival rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:18:22Z","timestamp":1762417102000},"page":"e20219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective study on the association between paternal occupational exposure to agrochemicals and childhood leukemia in Michoac\u00e1n de Ocampo, M\u00e9xico"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Alc\u00e1ntar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog\u00eda-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Michoac\u00e1n, Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel E.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog\u00eda-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Ochoa-Zarzosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog\u00eda-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Andr\u00e9s","family":"Espino-Barajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Geograf\u00eda Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Morales-Manilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Geograf\u00eda Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eloy","family":"P\u00e9rez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil \u201cEva S\u00e1mano de L\u00f3pez Mateos\u201d, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Michoac\u00e1n, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luz Yadira","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Quijano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil \u201cEva S\u00e1mano de L\u00f3pez Mateos\u201d, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Michoac\u00e1n, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Michoac\u00e1n, Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Citopatolog\u00eda Molecular, Divisi\u00f3n de estudios de Posgrado, la Facultad de Medicina \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20219\/ref-1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Main causes of mortality during the remission induction phase in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"55","author":"Aguilar-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Journal of the Mexican Social Security Institute"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20219\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.01.001","article-title":"Management of septic shock in children with cancer\u2014common challenges and research priorities","volume":"99","author":"Agulnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20219\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109131","article-title":"Malathion induced cancer-linked gene expression in human lymphocytes","volume":"182","author":"Anjitha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20219\/ref-4","article-title":"Los plaguicidas altamente peligrosos en M\u00e9xico. 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