{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:19:24Z","timestamp":1766132364040,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1055084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1055084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Interactive Step Training to Reduce Falls in People with Multiple Sclerosis (iFIMS) trial was a multi-centre, parallel-designed, randomised controlled trial testing an in-home, computerised exergame playing system (\n                      <jats:italic>smart\u00b1step<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in people with multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale 2\u20136).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was nested within the iFIMS trial to assess whether the\n                      <jats:italic>smart\u00b1step<\/jats:italic>\n                      system could improve secondary outcomes of ankle proprioception and plantarflexor muscle performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tests of ankle proprioception and plantarflexor muscle performance were performed before and after 6 months of intervention with the\n                      <jats:italic>smart\u00b1step<\/jats:italic>\n                      system (intervention group;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a033), or 6 months of usual care (control group;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a033). Ankle proprioception outcomes included movement detection threshold and reaction time. Plantarflexor muscle performance outcomes included maximal voluntary torque, twitch torque from electrical stimulation, voluntary activation (level of neural drive), decrease in these parameters after a 2-min sustained isometric contraction, and time-to-recovery of these parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no differences between the intervention and control groups for all proprioception and muscle performance outcomes (95% CI of mean differences crossed 0), and no difference in time-to-recovery after the sustained contraction (95% CI of hazard ratios crossed 1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>smart\u00b1step<\/jats:italic>\n                      system did not improve proprioception or muscle performance over a 6-month intervention, compared to usual care, in people with multiple sclerosis. However, at-home interventions are cost effective and convenient, and the\n                      <jats:italic>smart\u00b1step<\/jats:italic>\n                      system could help maintain physical activity in an engaging way in this group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:15:21Z","timestamp":1766132121000},"page":"e20354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proprioception and muscle performance unchanged by in-home step training in multiple sclerosis: secondary outcomes analysis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb J.","family":"Djajadikarta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siobhan 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