{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1790192448037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University through the Large Research Project","award":["RGP 2\/618\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP 2\/618\/46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Space maintainers are an important part of pediatric dentistry to prevent malocclusion after premature loss of primary teeth. The use of space maintainers are limited in developing countries such as Indonesia. This survey study was conducted to determine Indonesian parents\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and informational sources related to paediatric space maintainers and factors influencing awareness and acceptance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 400 Indonesian parents was executed. Respondents completed a questionnaire distributed to them through clinics, schools, and publicly sponsored sites in social media. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to study predictors of knowledge and attitudes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Only 25% of parents indicated that they were aware of space maintainers. Urban parents (37.5%) were significantly more likely to be aware than rural parents (6.3%;\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0=\u00a048.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Urban location was an important predictor of the dependent variable of awareness, with urban parents being 8.92 times more likely to report awareness than rural parents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.92,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). At one point, awareness was related to higher comfort (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0013) and more favorable attitudes (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0=\u00a010.88,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0043). Dentists were reported as the most common source of information about dental visits for parents living in urban settings (68.75%) while rural parents sourced information from community members and social media. Although awareness and attitude were correlated, for favorable perception about dental visits location was a more robust and independent predictor, (AOR for urban location = 8.27,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n There is a marked gap in knowledge about space maintainers, among Indonesian parents, specifically in rural areas. Targeted educational efforts and proactive dental counselling are urgently needed to improve parental awareness and promote preventive orthodontic care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T08:13:12Z","timestamp":1767600792000},"page":"e20363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Indonesian parental knowledge, attitudes, and sources of information regarding pediatric space maintainers: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Kumbhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagyashree","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Division of District Early Intervention Centre, Thane Civil Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian Agustin","family":"Wahjuningrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Prasad","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Science Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Science, MAHE Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Maniangat","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Science Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajinkya M.","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20363\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20184251","article-title":"Space maintainers application, indication and complications","volume":"5","author":"Albati","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20363\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1146_19","article-title":"Assessment of Saudi parent\u2019s awareness towards space maintainers at 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