{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T12:58:01Z","timestamp":1768395481212,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver fibrosis is a significant health burden in Vietnamese male adults, driven by high rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, excessive alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors. Despite progress in diagnostic tools, there is a pressing need for cost-effective screening methods tailored to this high-risk group, particularly in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study enrolled 952 Vietnamese male adults over 40 years old undergoing FibroScan, excluding those with conditions affecting test accuracy. Data on demographics, clinical history, and anthropometrics were collected, and fibrosis stages were classified using the METAVIR system. Model development combined Bayesian model averaging and forward stepwise methods, with predictive performance validated\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC) estimation in the R environment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 952 male participants, the prevalence of liver fibrosis was 19.9%, with most cases classified as mild (F1). Multivariate analysis identified significant risk factors, including advanced age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.02\u20132.51]), alcohol abuse (OR = 4.44; 95% CI [2.65\u20137.42]), hepatitis B (OR = 6.76; 95% CI [3.14\u201314.54], hepatitis C (OR = 33.04; 95% CI [5.26\u2013207.42]), family history of cirrhosis (OR = 16.14; 95% CI [3.28\u201379.55]), and hepatic steatosis (OR = 4.02; 95% CI [2.57\u20136.28]). The predictive model demonstrated good discriminative performance with an AUC of 0.769 (95% CI [0.734\u20130.800]) and showed satisfactory calibration through bootstrap resampling, indicating close agreement between predicted and observed risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current prevalence of liver fibrosis among Vietnamese male adults was found to be 19.9%, and the developed risk prediction model effectively identifies high-risk individuals, enabling early diagnosis and targeted prevention, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the lack of external validation and the sample restricted to Vietnamese male adults limit the generalizability of the model, which should be further evaluated in other populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1768377926000},"page":"e20435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The simple multivariable model for predicting liver fibrosis in Vietnamese male adults: a combination of Bayesian model averaging and stepwise method"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nghia Nhu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao The","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huyen Thi Ngoc","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang Nhat","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao Minh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duong Dai","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duy Khanh Tran","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam Thai Thanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung Thanh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"121 Military Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tan Ngoc Huynh","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20435\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.030","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease","volume":"78","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20435\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/s1089-3261(05)70168-9","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis. 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