{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1768312810721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FY2024 Kumamoto University Academic English Paper Editing Support"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-disaster survivors are prone to increased risks related to mental disorders such as insomnia and depression. In addition, it has been recently noted that elderly people have difficulty falling asleep and waking up in the middle of the night, decreasing sleep efficiency. Therefore, there is a need to understand the actual situation of insomnia among the older persons affected after the earthquake and consider appropriate support. However, the actual situation after the Kumamoto earthquake in 2016 has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the factors affecting insomnia among the older adults affected by the Kumamoto earthquake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 4,758 persons (2,010 men and 2,748 women; mean age 75.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.33 years) aged 65 years or older among those who had moved out of temporary housing in Kumamoto City. The survey was a self-administered questionnaire sent by mail. The independence of each variable was confirmed using the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors influencing insomnia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons significantly more likely to report insomnia had the following characteristics: age \u2265 75, no exercise habits, not eating three times a day, no appetite, eating alone, not participating in community activities, not knowing information about community activities, no one to talk to, no family to talk to, and no coworkers to talk to. Conversely, those less likely to fall into the insomnia category had the following attributes: men, those who had no employers, those who consulted friends, those who consulted a medical institution, those who consulted a care welfare office, and those who consulted city hall. Additionally, the respondents were more likely to report insomnia when they moved out of the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Support for insomnia requires both informal supports to prevent isolation based on mutual community support and formal support for those suspected of insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:50:48Z","timestamp":1768294248000},"page":"e20584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examination of factors affecting insomnia in older victims of the Kumamoto earthquake"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yumie","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Samiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Welfare Policy Division, Health and Welfare Bureau, Kumamoto City, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Ide-Okochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.535","article-title":"Efficacy of brief behavioral treatment for chronic insomnia in older adults","volume":"171","author":"Buysse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001267","article-title":"Risk of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications after elective surgery in patients with sleep-disordered breathing: a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"37","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008119","article-title":"Sleep duration and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Da\u00a0Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i5.686","article-title":"Differences in insomnia-related self-reported outcomes among hospitalized elderly patients","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14926","article-title":"Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolicdysfunction","volume":"1519","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.04.010","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and the risk of frailty and mortality in older men","volume":"13","author":"Ensrud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3776","article-title":"Dissociating the effects of global SWS disruption and healthy aging on waking performance and daytime sleepiness","volume":"37","author":"Groeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101673","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of exercise regimens on sleep quality in older adults","volume":"65","author":"Hasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsz077","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz077","article-title":"Does sleep affect weight gain? Assessing subjective sleep and polysomnography measures in a population-based cohort study (CoLaus\/HypnoLaus)","volume":"42","author":"H\u00e4usler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700426","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700426","article-title":"Residential relocation and change in social capital: a natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami","volume":"3","author":"Hikichi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074403","article-title":"Depression, insomnia, and probable post-traumatic stress disorder among Survivors of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake and related factors during the recovery period amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Ide-Okochi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14832","article-title":"Association of decreased frequency of conversation with depression, oral function and eating alone: a cross-sectional study of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"24","author":"Ishimoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12771","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12771","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the simplified Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia scale: the Fukushima health management survey","volume":"28","author":"Iwasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053995","article-title":"Factors related to physical activity among older adults who relocated to a new community after the Kumamoto earthquake: a study from the viewpoint of social capital","volume":"20","author":"Kanamori","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1539\/sangyoeisei.B14011","article-title":"Factors associated with depressive symptoms in blue-collar and white-collar male workers","volume":"57","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2021.05.001","article-title":"Sleep and cardiovascular risk","volume":"16","author":"Korostovtseva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Clinics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-17","article-title":"2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Kumamoto City disaster records\u2014towards recovery and reconstruction\u2014a record of the year since the disaster","author":"Kumamoto City","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-18","article-title":"A result of 2017 \u201cinvestigation about the Kumamoto health, eating habits\u201d","author":"Kumamoto Prefectural Government","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-19","article-title":"From the fifth mind investigation (summary) about health","author":"Kumamoto Prefectural Government","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1075-3","article-title":"Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109240","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109240","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for depressive reactions among resident survivors after the Tsunami following the Great East Japan earthquake on March 11 2011","volume":"9","author":"Matsubara","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171849","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171849","article-title":"Combined association of clinical and lifestyle factors with non-restorative sleep: the Nagahama study","volume":"12","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-23","article-title":"Sleep guide for health promotion","author":"Ministry\u00a0of Health, Labor and Welfare","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-24","article-title":"Active Guide","author":"Ministry of Health Labor Welfare of Japan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2019.07.003","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on sleep quality, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in the elderly. A literature review","volume":"55","author":"Moreno\u00a0Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Geriatr\u00eda Y Gerontolog\u00eda"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-26","article-title":"Gender data portal: time use across the world","author":"OECD","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12073","article-title":"Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia scale","volume":"67","author":"Okajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-28","first-page":"573","article-title":"Trend in the suicide rate following the Great East Japan earthquake: an eight-year follow-up study in Miyagi prefecture","volume":"122","author":"Orui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.11236\/jph.66.8_407","article-title":"Suicide mortality rate after evacuation orders were lifted following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident suicide prevention and mental health measures in collaboration with disaster-affected municipalities and monitoring","volume":"66","author":"Orui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zassi"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.10.025","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of lifestyle factors associated with nonrestorative sleep","volume":"101","author":"Otsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.02.010","article-title":"Sleep influences obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"84","author":"Reutrakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.015","article-title":"Adolescent and adult differences in major depressive symptom profiles","volume":"243","author":"Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2037199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37199","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi or exercise on sleep in older adults with insomnia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Siu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-34","first-page":"13","article-title":"The relationship between the extent of relocation and health conditions among victims of the great health and welfare statistics","volume":"66","author":"Sugawara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.11236\/jph.65.5_233","article-title":"Willingness to continue working as district welfare commissioners in Tokyo: the role of psychosocial rewards, role strain, and support","volume":"65","author":"Sugihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13965","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13965","article-title":"Predictors of depression and insomnia in community-dwelling elderly people: cross-sectional evidence of their bidirectional relationships","volume":"13","author":"Tsaras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-37","article-title":"Study on the range of relocation after the disaster and its health effects: 2018 survey results","author":"Tsuji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Survey on the health conditions of victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture (H25-kenki-designated-002 (reconstruction))"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2018.1.1","article-title":"Emotion, emotion regulation, and sleep: an intimate relationship","volume":"5","author":"Vandekerckhove","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.09.024","article-title":"Effect of sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese: the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103934","article-title":"Social support network, social support, self-efficacy, health-promoting behavior, and healthy aging among older adults: a pathway analysis","volume":"85","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.01.021","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among adults living in temporary housing during the three years after the Great East Japan earthquake","volume":"232","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019049","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019049","article-title":"A systematic review of barriers and motivators to physical activity in elderly adults in Iran and worldwide","volume":"41","author":"Yarmohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.11236\/jph.67.2_111","article-title":"Association between frailty in community-dwelling older adults certified as requiring support in the long-term care","volume":"67","author":"Yoshiyuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20584\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03298-8","article-title":"Sleep duration, genetic susceptibility, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a longitudinal UK Biobank","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20584.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20584.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20584.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:51:01Z","timestamp":1768294261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.20584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.20584","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"article-number":"e20584"}}