{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1771232724894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds for the innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province","award":["2021Y9076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y9076"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds for the innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province","award":["2021Y9145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y9145"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024J01644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J01644"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Education and Scientific Research Project","award":["JAT220121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT220121"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project","award":["2022YBL-ZD-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YBL-ZD-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by significant heterogeneity. We conducted a multi-omics integrated clustering analysis to categorize PDAC molecular subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) were integrated using ten clustering algorithms. Comparisons across PDAC subtypes were performed regarding prognosis, gene mutations, pathways, tumor microenvironment (TME), and chemotherapy sensitivity. A prognostic model was constructed utilizing Cox and Lasso regression based on subtype-related genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples from the TCGA-PAAD cohort were classified into two subtypes. The CS1 subtype was identified as a high-risk, immunosilent subtype, while the CS2 subtype was characterized as a low-risk, immunoactive subtype. Compared to CS2 subtype, CS1 subtype exhibited shorter survival, higher frequency of genetic mutations, more aggressive tumor-promoting nature, lower TME immune score, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. The prognostic model related to PDAC subtypes displayed robust predictive efficiency; IL20RB gene emerged having superior predictive capability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We successfully identified two distinct PDAC subtypes. The developed prognostic model exhibited strong predictive efficacy; and the upregulation of IL20RB was identified as a promising therapeutic target for PDAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:03:22Z","timestamp":1771229002000},"page":"e20619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular classification and prognosis study of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through multi-omics integrated clustering analysis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guodong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 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Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China"},{"name":"Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian 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