{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:46:47Z","timestamp":1791521207851,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mahidol University under New discovery and frontier research","award":["NDFR 22\/2563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDFR 22\/2563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance, particularly from methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA), is a growing global health threat. Alternative therapies derived from medicinal plants are gaining attention for their potential to combat resistant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of\n                      <jats:italic>Morus alba<\/jats:italic>\n                      (white mulberry) extracts and investigate their action mechanisms using proteomic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leaf and stem samples of\n                      <jats:italic>M. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                      were extracted using both decoction and maceration techniques with water and ethanol as solvents. The antibacterial activity against MRSA was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assays. Chemical profiling of the most active extract was performed using liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS\/MS). Proteomic analysis was conducted to explore changes in bacterial protein expression after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ethanol extract of\n                      <jats:italic>M. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                      stem exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.3125 to 20 mg\/mL and MBC values from 0.6250 to 40 mg\/mL. A time-kill assay demonstrated that bacterial counts fell below the detection limit within 4 hours at four times the MIC concentration, based on three independent replicates. LC-QTOF-MS\/MS profiling identified betulinic acid as the most abundant compound in the extract. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in MRSA protein expression, including upregulation of GlmU, N-acetylneuraminate lyase, and ribonuclease E, and downregulation of ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase and SecA. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the observed protein expression changes are consistent with enhanced N-acetylneuraminate catabolism and RNA polymerase activity, and suppression of protein export and fatty acid biosynthesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the strong anti-MRSA potential of\n                      <jats:italic>M. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                      stem extract and provide mechanistic insights into its antibacterial action. The extract disrupts critical metabolic and regulatory pathways in MRSA, supporting its potential development as a novel antimicrobial agent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:30:23Z","timestamp":1769157023000},"page":"e20647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibacterial and proteomic profiling of\n                    <i>Morus alba<\/i>\n                    extract against methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Onrapak","family":"Reamtong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thitiluck","family":"Swangsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tipparat","family":"Thiangtrongjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sompob","family":"Saralamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University,  Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakavadee","family":"Rakthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Suratthani University, Suratthani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urusa","family":"Thaenkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naowarat","family":"Saralamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1039\/c2np20035j","article-title":"Plants as sources of new antimicrobials and resistance-modifying agents","volume":"29","author":"Abreu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natural Product Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00335-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens","volume":"74","author":"Ahmad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-118","article-title":"Insights into the evolution of sialic acid catabolism among bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Almagro-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02434-4","article-title":"Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review","volume":"396","author":"Batiha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-5","first-page":"627","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Colocasia esculenta","volume":"7","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.29090\/psa.2022.01.21.113","article-title":"Pluchea indica: an updated review of its botany, uses, bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties","volume":"49","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.42","article-title":"SecA: a potential antimicrobial target","volume":"7","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-014-0223-y","article-title":"Dual inhibition of arachidonic acid pathway by mulberry leaf extract","volume":"23","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.10.3551-3571.2006","article-title":"Differential proteomic analysis of the Bacillus anthracis secretome: distinct plasmid and chromosome CO2-dependent cross talk mechanisms modulate extracellular proteolytic activities","volume":"188","author":"Chitlaru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513978","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/513978","article-title":"Evaluation of toxicity and antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract from leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae)","volume":"2015","author":"De\u00a0Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2019.03.002","article-title":"The bifunctional protein GlmU is a key factor in biofilm formation induced by alkylating stress in Mycobacterium smegmatis","volume":"170","author":"Di\u00a0Somma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160619","article-title":"Redox-active antibiotics control gene expression and community behavior in divergent bacteria","volume":"321","author":"Dietrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77949","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77949","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vancomycin, linezolid, and ceftaroline in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Dighriri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10010007","article-title":"Identification of bioactive phytochemicals in mulberries","volume":"10","author":"D\u2019Urso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.35691\/JBM.1202.0176","article-title":"Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity of gemmotherapeutically white mulberry (Morus alba) leaves","volume":"8","author":"Faiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Bioresource Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02887.x","article-title":"The FtsH protease is involved in development, stress response and heat shock control in Caulobacter crescentus","volume":"44","author":"Fischer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.002","article-title":"The negative impact of antibiotic resistance","volume":"22","author":"Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80025-3","article-title":"Regulation by proteolysis: developmental switches","volume":"2","author":"Gottesman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.4.671-701.2002","article-title":"Regulation of bacterial drug export systems","volume":"66","author":"Grkovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107166","article-title":"Insights into betulinic acid as a promising molecule to fight the interkingdom biofilm Staphylococcus aureus\u2013Candida albicans","volume":"63","author":"Hamion","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00109-09","article-title":"The capability of catabolic utilization of N-acetylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid, is essential for Vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Jeong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fny145","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny145","article-title":"SecA inhibitors as potential antimicrobial agents: Differential actions on SecA-only and SecA\u2013SecYEG protein-conducting channels","volume":"365","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3486","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of oxyresveratrol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Joung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6489","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196489","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thai edible plant extracts prepared using different extraction techniques","volume":"27","author":"Junsathian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2014.05.018","article-title":"Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR studies of p-coumaric acid derivatives","volume":"10","author":"Khatkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583468","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.583468","article-title":"Digital insights into nucleotide metabolism and antibiotic treatment failure","volume":"3","author":"Lopatkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-015-0031-5","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Maneenoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2020.100773","article-title":"Identification and analysis of novel small molecule inhibitors of RNase E: implications for antibacterial targeting and regulation of RNase E","volume":"23","author":"Mardle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.127","article-title":"Oligomerization of esculin improves its antibacterial activity and modulates antibiotic resistance","volume":"68","author":"Mokdad-Bzeouich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2021.129931","article-title":"Natural flavonoid morin showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae after binding with cell division protein FtsA near ATP binding site","volume":"1865","author":"Nag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta\u2014General Subjects"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082494","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of quercetin: an approach to its mechanistic principle","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12462","article-title":"Structure and inhibition of N-acetylneuraminate lyase from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"590","author":"North","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/35015709","article-title":"Proteomics to study genes and genomes","volume":"405","author":"Pandey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104056","article-title":"Antimicrobial mechanism of luteolin against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes and its antibiofilm properties","volume":"142","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15096008","article-title":"Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L. leaf, flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and brine shrimp lethality","volume":"15","author":"Rajeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00154-9","article-title":"Plants as source of drugs","volume":"39","author":"Rates","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126726","article-title":"Quantification of 2- and 3-isopropylmalic acids in forty Italian wines by UHPLC-MS\/MS triple quadrupole and evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and biocompatibility","volume":"321","author":"Ricciutelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030449","article-title":"Antimicrobial potential of betulinic acid and investigation of the mechanism of action against nuclear and metabolic enzymes with molecular modeling","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0533-3","article-title":"Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068371","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1068371","article-title":"Prenylated phenolics from Morus alba against MRSA infections as a strategy for wound healing","volume":"13","author":"\u0160kovranov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-018-0412-7","article-title":"Exploration of Phyllanthus acidus-mediated silver nanoparticles and its activity against infectious bacterial pathogen","volume":"12","author":"Sowmya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemistry Central Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0057-2018","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and the MRSA problem","volume":"7","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(77)80799-0","article-title":"Ribosomal protein S1\/S1A in bacteria","volume":"79","author":"Visentin","year":"1977","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00308.x","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Thai basil oils and their micro-emulsion formulas against Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"28","author":"Viyoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X12500279","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Morus alba L. leaves, stems and fruits","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.07.001","article-title":"Antibacterial targets in fatty acid biosynthesis","volume":"10","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714694","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.714694","article-title":"Houttuynia cordata Thunb: an ethnopharmacological review","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111741","article-title":"A comprehensive review of natural products against atopic dermatitis: flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides and other compounds","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010265","article-title":"Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of Morus alba stem extract","volume":"12","author":"Yiemwattana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Dentistry Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105655","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of bavachin against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage via activation of Sirt1\/Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2023.117544","article-title":"A dual mechanism with H2S inhibition and membrane damage of morusin from Morus alba Linn, against MDR-MRSA","volume":"97","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20647\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.12.023","article-title":"Synergism of prenylflavonoids from Morus alba root bark against clinical MRSA isolates","volume":"39","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20647.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20647.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20647.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20647.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:30:25Z","timestamp":1769157025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.20647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.20647","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"article-number":"e20647"}}