{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:23:27Z","timestamp":1789457007506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a causative agent in the development of acne vulgaris, and this bacteria has been reported to show resistance against conventional antibiotics. One of the vital factors contributing to antibiotic resistance is the ability of\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      to form biofilms. Thus, the purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy of various recent developments and to identify acceptable methods for preventing infections associated with\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A variety of criteria considered in the selection process, such as the site of infection, the mechanism of action against biofilms, and the methodology used to evaluate antibiofilm activity, were taken into consideration when choosing the studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings of existing research on the antibiofilm potential of conventional anibiotics, natural products and novel treatment strategies against\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      were compiled and compared. Clinical trials demonstrated that dalbavancin reduced biofilm formation while niosomes effectively decreased inflammation in acne lesions. Some studies have shown promising results with bacteriophages, plant-based and nanomaterial treatments, but lack further validation in the way of pre-clinical and clinical trials to accurately measure treatment effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The review examines a range of effective agents and explores their potential applications in acne management, offering valuable insights for clinicians\u2014especially dermatologists\u2014seeking to optimize patient care. In addition, this review provides an understanding about the different agents and their antibiofilm properties that enable researchers to develop effective therapeutic approaches against\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm-related infectious diseases for the benefit of human health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:34:13Z","timestamp":1769589253000},"page":"e20652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Battling biofilms: evaluating selected agents against\n                    <i>Cutibacterium acnes<\/i>\n                    \u2014a review"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wala","family":"Karar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seedahmed A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zobidah Yousif","family":"Elamin Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman,  Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bydaa","family":"Atron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 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