{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:42:33Z","timestamp":1770748953147,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regular physical activity can improve the blood lipid profile, yet athletes may still experience dyslipidemia. This study examined lipid profiles in Turkish endurance and strength athletes in relation to the dietary intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-four participants, including strength athletes (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45), endurance athletes (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20), and non-athletes (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19) were assessed for dietary intake (quantitative food-frequency questionnaire), body composition, and blood lipid profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endurance athletes had a lower body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), fat mass, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio than strength athletes and non-athletes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Endurance athletes derived a lower percentage of daily energy intake from protein and fat, a higher from carbohydrate, and consumed more dietary fiber (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Compared with endurance athletes, strength athletes showed higher serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, total cholesterol\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC\/HDL-C), LDL-C\/HDL-C, and ApoB\/ApoA-1 ratios, a higher atherogenic index, and lower levels of HDL-C and ApoA-1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Overall, athletes had lower serum triacylglycerol (TG), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and higher LDL-C levels than non-athletes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression models showed that waist-to-height ratio and body fat (%) were consistent predictors of adverse lipid outcomes, independent of dietary energy intake; strength athletes had higher odds of elevated LDL-C and ApoB, highlighting distinct lipid risks by sport group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endurance athletes displayed a more favorable lipid profile than strength athletes and non-athletes. Group differences in lipids likely reflect a combination of adiposity, dietary patterns, and sport-specific behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:35:01Z","timestamp":1770712501000},"page":"e20743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Waist-to-height ratio, body fat, and macronutrient intake as predictors of lipid abnormalities in elite Turkish athletes: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Funda","family":"Tamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics\/Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Kisioglu Halis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics\/Faculty of Health Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pelin","family":"Bilgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics\/Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180357","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180357","article-title":"Bone tissue, blood lipids and inflammatory profiles in adolescent male athletes from sports contrasting in mechanical load","volume":"12","author":"Agostinete","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67-74","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S067","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.625370","article-title":"Current predictive resting metabolic rate equations are not sufficient to determine proper resting energy expenditure in Olympic young adult national team athletes","volume":"12","author":"Balci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(04)77139-0","article-title":"Plasma lipid profile is improved by participation in sports, but at what intensivity?","volume":"57","author":"Boraita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Cardiolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000429","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000429","article-title":"Paradox of hypercholesterolaemia in highly trained, keto-adapted athletes","volume":"4","author":"Creighton","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/27697061.2024.2312843","article-title":"Sleep, diet quality, and lipid profile assessment in NCAA division I acrobatics and tumbling student-athletes: a cross-sectional study","volume":"43","author":"de Souza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/life11070707","article-title":"Which body density equations calculate body fat percentage better in olympic wrestlers?\u2014Comparison study with air displacement plethysmography","volume":"11","author":"Devrim-Lanpir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061877","article-title":"Total dietary antioxidant intake including polyphenol content: is it capable to fight against increased oxidants within the body of ultra-endurance athletes?","volume":"12","author":"Devrim-Lanpir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.23751\/pn.v21i1.8052","article-title":"Is there any predictive equation to determine resting metabolic rate in ultra-endurance athletes","volume":"21","author":"Devrim-Lanpir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2023-0266","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of lipid profile changes in olympic athletes","volume":"34","author":"Di Gioia","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P011668","article-title":"Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography","volume":"52","author":"Dobi\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1462","article-title":"Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre","volume":"8","author":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-52","article-title":"Weight loss in combat sports: physiological, psychological and performance effects","volume":"9","author":"Franchini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge [Comparative Study]","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001377","article-title":"No superior adaptations to carbohydrate periodization in elite endurance athletes","volume":"49","author":"Gejl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133317.49796.0E","article-title":"Implications of recent clinical trials for the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Grundy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-18","first-page":"756","article-title":"Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake in Turkish adults","volume":"65","author":"Gunes","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4380","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on lipid profiles and high molecular weight adiponectin in Japanese workers","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P001578","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the hepatic lipase gene affect plasma HDL-cholesterol levels in a Turkish population","volume":"51","author":"Hodoglugil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2452185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jayedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410801930192","article-title":"Body composition and nutritional profile of male adolescent tennis players","volume":"26","author":"Juzwiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-5-17","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing","volume":"5","author":"Kerksick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000132388","article-title":"Association of serum lipid profile and arteriovenous fistula thrombosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Kirkpantur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Purification"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.10.999","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Kodama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(81)90103-9","article-title":"Lipoprotein Lp (a) and the risk for myocardial infarction","volume":"38","author":"Kostner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61030365","article-title":"Lipid levels and atherogenic indices as important predictive parameters in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis\u2014slovak pilot study","volume":"61","author":"Kubalov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2006.056","article-title":"Comparison of the lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) between sedentary and highly trained subjects","volume":"44","author":"Lippi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-2-7","article-title":"Sedentary subjects have higher PAI-1 and lipoproteins levels than highly trained athletes","volume":"2","author":"Lira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17763-z","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with rapid weight loss among former elite combat sports athletes in Serbia","volume":"24","author":"Maksimovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050581","article-title":"Precision nutrition unveiled: gene-nutrient interactions, microbiota dynamics, and lifestyle factors in obesity management","volume":"16","author":"Mansour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70382","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70382","article-title":"Effects of a competitive season on the plasma lipid profile of soccer players","volume":"13","author":"Marsigliante","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e721","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000005097","article-title":"Effects of rapid weight loss in male and female wrestlers","volume":"39","author":"Marten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2008.142.144","article-title":"Blood lipid and lipoprotein profile of female athletes with respect to their jobs and nutrients intake","volume":"11","author":"Mazloom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096961","article-title":"Are Olympic athletes free from cardiovascular diseases? Systematic investigation in 2352 participants from Athens 2004 to Sochi 2014","volume":"51","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.15.4.425","article-title":"Lipidemic profile of athletes and non-athletes with similar body fat","volume":"15","author":"Petridou","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1810-5118","article-title":"Exercise to lower postprandial lipemia: why, when, what and how","volume":"43","author":"Petridou","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1161\/atv.0000000000000147","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): a genetically determined, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"42","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.01.005","article-title":"Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: nutrition and athletic performance","volume":"109","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-40","article-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Beslenme Rehberi (T\u00dcBER) 2022 (Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131n No. 1031)","author":"T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.30554\/archmed.20.1.3534.2020","article-title":"Conventional biomarkers for cardiovascular risks and their correlation with the castelli risk index-indices and TG\/HDL-c","volume":"20","author":"Salcedo-Cifuentes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archivos de Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00281.2006","article-title":"CETP genotypes and HDL-cholesterol phenotypes in the HERITAGE family study","volume":"31","author":"Spielmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiological Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2015.12.006","article-title":"Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of Canada, and the American college of sports medicine: nutrition and athletic performance","volume":"116","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0274082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274082","article-title":"Endurance versus resistance training in treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized cross-over trial","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666191213115232","article-title":"Characteristics of blood lipid profiles of professional athletes: a literature review","volume":"26","author":"Varaeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1295906","article-title":"Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls","volume":"5","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01276.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I: risk indicators of coronary heart disease and targets for lipid-modifying therapy","volume":"255","author":"Walldius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01643.x","article-title":"The apoB\/apoA-I ratio: a strong, new risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a target for lipid-lowering therapy-a review of the evidence","volume":"259","author":"Walldius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960241105","article-title":"Soy protein diet significantly improves endothelial function and lipid parameters","volume":"24","author":"Yildirir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Cardiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20743\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.01.001","article-title":"Nutritional status of adventure racers [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"23","author":"Zalcman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20743.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20743.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20743.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20743.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:35:04Z","timestamp":1770712504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.20743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.20743","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"article-number":"e20743"}}