{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:22:47Z","timestamp":1771233767526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["No. LQ22H260001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LQ22H260001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The roles of maternal serum lncRNA H19, miR-675, and\n PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n protein levels before mid-pregnancy in predicting macrosomia remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of these serum molecules is associated with the risk of macrosomia in singleton pregnancies without gestational diabetes mellitus.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A nested case-control study was conducted within a prospective cohort study of 898 women with singleton pregnancies. Mothers of liveborn macrosomic newborns constituted the case group, and a random sample of mothers of the normal-birthweight newborns, matched on gestational age at blood collection and delivery date, served as controls. Serum levels of lncRNA H19, miR-675,\n PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n protein, and serum lipids were measured before 20 weeks\u2019 gestation. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and stratified analysis were used to assess the associations. Predictive performance was explored using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n No significant differences were observed in lncRNA H19 (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u2212\u00a00.344,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.731), miR-675 (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u2212\u00a01.376,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.169), or\n PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n protein levels (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.999) between macrosomia and control groups. However, in women with pre-pregnancy BMI < 24 kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , lower\n PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n protein levels (tertile 2\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n tertile 3) were associated with a 70% reduced risk of macrosomia (\n OR<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.30, 95% CI [0.09\u20130.99],\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.049). The NRI and IDI of the combined model incorporating serum lncRNA H19, miR-675, and PPAR\u03b1 protein levels were statistically superior to lipid-based models (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Serum lncRNA H19 and miR-675 were not associated with macrosomia risk. Lower serum\n PPAR\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n protein levels in early pregnancy may be associated with a reduced risk of macrosomia, particularly in non-obese women. The combined biomarkers demonstrated preliminary predictive potential in exploratory analysis, but validation in larger cohorts is required.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:42:27Z","timestamp":1771231347000},"page":"e20793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum lncRNA H19\/miR-675 \/PPAR\u03b1 expression before middle gestation and their associations with macrosomia risk in singleton pregnancies without gestational diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming Min","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao Miao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Xia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20793\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3907","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3907","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA H19 in ovarian biology and placenta development","volume":"42","author":"Adu-Gyamfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochemistry and Function"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20793\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev199811","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199811","article-title":"Loss of imprinting of the Igf2-H19 ICR1 enhances placental endocrine capacity via sex-specific alterations in signalling pathways in the 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