{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:37:58Z","timestamp":1770748678124,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82373678, 82173609, 81872694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373678, 82173609, 81872694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2020, COVID-19 posed a major threat to global public health in a remarkably short period. Although the WHO declared an end to the emergency phase in May 2023, a considerable proportion of recovered cases experience medium- and long-term effects, which pose ongoing health challenges to society. Therefore, it remains necessary to conduct relevant research in the post-epidemic era to explore the risk factors for death in COVID-19 inpatients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined the mortality of COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations through one-year follow-up, utilizing real-world data from three medical centers. Clinical characteristics associated with mortality risk were analyzed by logistic regression. Then, the dataset was randomly partitioned into three sets at a ratio of 4:2:4. Three machine learning algorithms were employed to develop and validate a mortality risk predictive model for COVID-19 inpatients, and a web-based visualization tool was created.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 100 fatalities among the 1,693 samples included in this study. Meanwhile, we identified 37 factors correlated with increased mortality risk in COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations. Ultimately, we developed a mortality risk predictive model using the random forest algorithm, which demonstrated superior predictive performance (AUC=0.907, 95% CI=0.849-0.957).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reports a mortality rate of 5.9% for COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations. The high-performance mortality risk prediction model obtained in this study provides important practical guidance for monitoring the mortality risks of COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1770713263000},"page":"e20795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on the mortality risk and predictive model for COVID-19 inpatients with pneumonia manifestations"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenli","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital, Dongguan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linglong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 12320 Health Hotline, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi; Centre for Medical Laboratory Science, the Afliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiachun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27610","article-title":"The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Abou\u00a0Ghayda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"10350","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01214-4","article-title":"Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study","volume":"400","author":"Ballering","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.07.006","article-title":"COVID-19 fatality rates in hospitalized patients: a new systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Baptista","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Infection and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201300226","article-title":"Machine learning versus statistical modeling","volume":"56","author":"Boulesteix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biometrical Journal"},{"issue":"7860","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01392-2","article-title":"Count the cost of disability caused by COVID-19","volume":"593","author":"Briggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa325","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility","volume":"71","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1904862","article-title":"A risk score based on baseline risk factors for predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.282","article-title":"Air and environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 around hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14005","article-title":"A rapid systematic review of clinical trials utilizing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","article-title":"Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020575","article-title":"Characteristics of and public health responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003308","article-title":"Learning about machine learning: the promise and pitfalls of big data and the electronic health record","volume":"9","author":"Deo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","article-title":"Features of 20, 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Docherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14657","article-title":"Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a review","volume":"76","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215314","article-title":"Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"75","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00029-5","article-title":"The pathological maelstrom of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease","volume":"1","author":"Giacca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1,591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","volume":"323","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.10.050","article-title":"An efficient algorithm coupled with synthetic minority over-sampling technique to classify imbalanced PubChem BioAssay data","volume":"806","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2012.2205677","article-title":"Elastic-net prefiltering for two-class classification","volume":"43","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbad002","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad002","article-title":"A review on longitudinal data analysis with random forest","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Briefings in Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401105010061","article-title":"New respiratory viruses and the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Jartti","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4768","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75056","article-title":"Long COVID and its management","volume":"18","author":"Koc","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.025","article-title":"Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients","volume":"100","author":"Lednickya","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25757","article-title":"COVID-19 patients\u2019 clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e138070","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138070","article-title":"Clinical and pathological investigation of patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-03067-8","article-title":"Machine learning and discriminant analysis model for predicting benign and malignant pulmonary nodules","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2015.11.013","article-title":"New generation of elastic network models","volume":"37","author":"L\u00f3pez-Blanco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Structural Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30126-6","article-title":"Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"10229","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression","volume":"395","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99905-6","article-title":"A machine-learning parsimonious multivariable predictive model of mortality risk in patients with Covid-19","volume":"11","author":"Murri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2013.00021","article-title":"Gradient boosting machines, and a tutorial","volume":"7","author":"Natekin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4683","article-title":"Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy","volume":"323","author":"Onder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3227","article-title":"Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient","volume":"323","author":"Ong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama\u2014Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01579-5","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with long COVID\/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)","volume":"21","author":"Pretorius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026620999200511094117","article-title":"Epidemiological features of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China","volume":"20","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-39","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.04.007","article-title":"Long COVID: an overview","volume":"15","author":"Raveendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01418-7","article-title":"The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Riddell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75848-2","article-title":"Explaining among-country variation in COVID-19 case fatality rate","volume":"10","author":"Sorci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.014","article-title":"Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae","volume":"185","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1","article-title":"Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network\u2014United States, March\u20142020","volume":"69","author":"Tenforde","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"10379","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00493-2","article-title":"Long COVID: 3 years in","volume":"401","author":"The\u00a0Lancet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m2094","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2094","article-title":"Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study","volume":"369","author":"Toubiana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bmj-British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.03.002","article-title":"Long COVID: pathophysiological factors and abnormalities of coagulation","volume":"34","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30243-7","article-title":"Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis","volume":"20","author":"Verity","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-50","article-title":"COVID-19 epidemiological update 2024","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10225","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30260-9","article-title":"Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study","volume":"395","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-02075-2","article-title":"A hybrid sampling algorithm combining synthetic minority over-sampling technique and edited nearest neighbor for missed abortion diagnosis","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.20795\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102080","article-title":"Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with syphilis: development, validation, and clinical utility of a suite of machine learning models","volume":"62","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20795.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20795.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20795.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20795.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:47:45Z","timestamp":1770713265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/20795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.20795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.20795","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"article-number":"e20795"}}