{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:16:03Z","timestamp":1778145363890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42172008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42172008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42472023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42472023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program","award":["2024FY100800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024FY100800"]}]},{"name":"Stable Supporting Fund of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sauropterygia (including Placodontia and Eosauropterygia) is the most species-rich group of marine reptiles in the Mesozoic.\n                    <jats:italic>Panzhousaurus rotundirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a rare eosauropterygian from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) marine deposits of Panzhou, Guizhou Province, China. Until recently,\n                    <jats:italic>P. rotundirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been known only by two specimens, and its phylogenetic position within Eosauropterygia remains much controversial. A taxonomic revision of\n                    <jats:italic>P. rotundirostrisis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is provided here based on a comparative study of the type material and a new, juvenile specimen from the same locality and horizon as the holotype. The revised description accommodates significant changes to the reconstruction of\n                    <jats:italic>P. rotundirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including the skull roof, circumorbital bones, and jaws. The juvenile status of the new specimen is well confirmed by a series of features (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , smaller body size, relatively larger orbit, unfused neural arches, and fewer carpal ossifications and caudal ribs). The wealth of new anatomical data for this species has facilitated a phylogenetic analysis, the results of which recover\n                    <jats:italic>Panzhousaurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a keichousaurid and favour the sister group relationships between Keichousauridae and Pachypleurosauridae. The topology provides new insights into the origin and evolution of Keichousauridae, a major clade of eosauropterygian marine reptiles endemic in the Middle Triassic of China.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:45:27Z","timestamp":1778143527000},"page":"e21267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteology and phylogeny of\n                    <i>Panzhousaurus rotundirostris<\/i>\n                    from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Guizhou Province, China, and implications for the origin of Keichousauridae (Pachypleurosauroidea, Eosauropterygia)"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Feng-Ting","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Hua","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21267\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2014.05.005","article-title":"Mesozoic marine reptile 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