{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1780909230232,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves lower-limb anaerobic performance and neuromuscular function in female athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-two female second-level athletes were randomly assigned to an IPC or sham group in a single-blind, parallel design. Participants received once-daily IPC (220\u00a0mmHg, 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a05-min ischemia\/5-min reperfusion) or sham intervention for seven days. Before and after the intervention, we measured 30-s Wingate performance, heart rate, blood lactate, surface electromyography of the lower-limb muscles, and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A 2 (group: IPC\n                      <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                      sham)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 (time: pre\n                      <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                      post) repeated-measures analysis of variance was used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with sham, IPC induced greater increases in average power and total work (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), whereas peak power and fatigue index did not differ significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Additionally, there were no between-group differences in mean or peak heart rate , blood lactate, the median frequency of the lower-limb muscles, or DLPFC HbO changes (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven days of IPC induced a modest enhancement in lower-limb anaerobic performance in female athletes without substantially altering electromyography, heart rate, blood lactate responses, or cortical oxygenation levels. IPC may be a practical, safe, and effective non-pharmacological strategy to support training preparation in competitive athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T08:11:36Z","timestamp":1780906296000},"page":"e21296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of ischemic preconditioning on lower-limb anaerobic performance and neuromuscular adaptations"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"},{"name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, 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