{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T09:05:51Z","timestamp":1779699951326,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Jamun (\n                      <jats:italic>Syzygium cumini<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.) Skeels) is a multipurpose fruit tree with notable nutritional, medicinal, and ecological potential. Uttar Pradesh, a major jamun growing state in India, harbours considerable variability in jamun, which remains underexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess phenotypic variability and identify superior types, 123 genotypes of jamun were evaluated using morphological descriptors. Biochemical attributes were also assessed for a subset of 15 genotypes from the full panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant variation was observed for most qualitative descriptors, with clear differences in tree growth and fruit morphology. Quantitative traits such as fruit weight (2.04\u201317.66 g), pulp content (61.12\u201394.38%), pulp: seed ratio (1.60\u201318.85) and total soluble solids (TSS, 10.64\u201319.96\u00b0 Brix) exhibited wide ranges. Biochemical characterization of a subset of genotypes further revealed notable variation in ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant-related traits, with genotypes Gn-10, Gn-11 and Br-17 showing favourable biochemical profiles. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations among fruit size traits (fruit length, diameter, and weight), whereas TSS showed negative correlations with fruit size and pulp-related traits. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits identified two major phenotypic groups, with the majority of genotypes forming a dominant cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0114) and a smaller group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09) showing greater phenotypic divergence. Multitrait Genotype\u2013Ideotype Distance Index identified Gn-18, Br-2, Br-14, Gn-11 and Un-6 as the most ideotype-consistent genotypes, based on fruit weight, pulp content and TSS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the present study highlights phenotypic diversity among the studied seedling-origin jamun trees, multi-year evaluations along with molecular characterization are needed to better elucidate the extent of diversity, the genetic basis of the observed trait differences, and the relationships among genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:40:27Z","timestamp":1779698427000},"page":"e21302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing phenotypic diversity and trait relationships within (\n                    <i>Syzygium cumini<\/i>\n                    (L.) Skeels) using morpho-biochemical traits"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anshuman","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwanand","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akath","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damodaran","family":"Thukkaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21302\/ref-1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Syzygium cuminii (wild jamun) from A & N Islands","volume":"69","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Horticulture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21302\/ref-2","first-page":"629","article-title":"Assessing variability in morphological traits of jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) 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