{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:10:51Z","timestamp":1779268251079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2025S1A5A8007847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2025S1A5A8007847"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the associations between cognitive function, physical activity, and vitamin D with dysmobility syndrome (DMS), and to assess the mediation effects of physical activity and vitamin D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 181 community-dwelling older women. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized as active or inactive. Serum vitamin D was analyzed and classified as either \u2018\u226520 ng\/mL\u2019 or \u2018&lt;20 ng\/mL\u2019. DMS was defined as meeting at least three of six clinical criteria, including low muscle mass, high body fat, osteoporosis, slow gait speed, low hand-grip strength and history of fall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mediation analysis revealed mediation effects for both physical activity (Indirect effect = \u22120.0091) and vitamin D (Indirect effect = \u22120.0066) on the relationship between cognitive function and DMS through independent paths. Additionally, the sequential path of physical activity \u2192 vitamin D showed partial mediation (Indirect effect = \u22120.0013).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggested that regular physical activity and adequate vitamin D levels can contribute to the prevention and management of cognitive impairment-related DMS in older Korean women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T08:48:21Z","timestamp":1779266901000},"page":"e21326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mediating effects of physical activity and vitamin D on the association between cognition and dysmobility syndrome in Korean older 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