{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T09:08:48Z","timestamp":1779872928903,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The tissue dehydration process is an important step in pathology specimen preparation. Dehydration failure, caused by equipment malfunction, incorrect program settings, or operator error, is a recognized problem in laboratory practice and can compromise the quality of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides, thereby hindering subsequent pathological diagnosis. Common\n ad hoc<\/jats:italic>\n responses include stepwise rehydration or short-term immersion in various buffers. However, information on repairing over-desiccated specimens is limited, and there is little systematic evidence comparing different rehydration approaches. We evaluated three rehydration solutions for restoring tissue morphology and H&E staining quality after over-desiccation, using standardized morphological scoring to inform evidence-based guidance for handling of dehydration incidents in diagnostic histopathology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Three common rehydrating solutions were compared. After a 24-hour period of routine fixation by 10% neutral buffered formalin, the liver specimens were manually dehydrated with anhydrous ethanol and left to air dry for eight hours. The specimens were then immersed in three distinct rehydrating solutions for either 12 hours or 24 hours. After the rehydration, dehydration, and embedding processes, the specimens were sectioned and stained. Then, they were observed under a microscope, and a quantitative assessment of nuclear morphology was performed to evaluate the recovery effects of the three repair solutions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The dried liver tissues were restored in all specimens soaked in one of the three repair solutions, with the 24-hour group demonstrating superior results compared to the 12-hour group. Gordon\u2019s solution exhibited the most pronounced repair effect, while Sandison\u2019s solution and Formol-Glycerol solution also demonstrated restorative effects, albeit with residual issues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n The results indicated that, regardless of restorative solution used, the tissues exhibited some degree of recovery; however, the restoration of their morphology effects was not the same. The 24-hour group showed a superior level of tissue repair compared to the 12-hour group. Of the three solutions, Gordon\u2019s solution after 24-hour immersion was the most effective at promoting tissue repair.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T08:51:21Z","timestamp":1779871881000},"page":"e21363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative analysis of three distinct rehydrating solutions for addressing liver tissue desiccation resulting from dehydration failure"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Weiping","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21363\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.015","article-title":"Technical note: 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Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21363\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_125_15","article-title":"A review of artifacts in histopathology","volume":"22","author":"Taqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21363\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2023.107528","article-title":"An effective rehydrating formula for reconditioning dried, irreplaceable heart specimens for teaching","volume":"65","author":"Toba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Pathology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21363\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2165\/11530760-000000000-00000","article-title":"Guidelines for glycerol use in hyperhydration and rehydration associated with exercise","volume":"40","author":"Van\u00a0Rosendal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports 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