{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1783588522786,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2026R740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R740"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The current study investigates the use of\n                    <jats:italic>Acacia tortilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed powder to synthesize innovative manganese nanoparticles (MnNPs) through an eco-friendly process providing an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods for remediating co-contaminated soils. These MnNPs are designed to remediate soils contaminated with tylosin (TYL) antibiotics and heavy metals (HMs), including lead, cadmium, and copper. The synthesized MnNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, confirming successful formation with an average size of 84.6 nm and a surface charge of \u221232.09 mV, indicating good stability. Remediation experiments demonstrated significant removal efficiencies, achieving 39.8% reduction of TYL and 51.19% reduction of cadmium (Cd) in industrial soil, compared to lower efficiencies in stable soil (16.1% and 14.9%, respectively), highlighting the influence of soil properties on treatment performance. Compared to conventional remediation approaches, MnNPs offer a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative, although their efficiency varies depending on soil composition and contaminant interactions. In addition,\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis it revealed that certain phytochemicals, such as 4-ethenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, exhibit rapid degradation (half-life = 16 days), supporting their suitability for environmental applications. This study addresses the limited integration of green nanoparticle synthesis with combined experimental and computational environmental assessment. However, further research is required to evaluate the long-term stability, ecological risks, and large-scale applicability of MnNPs in diverse soil systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:37:57Z","timestamp":1783586277000},"page":"e21443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green-synthesized manganese nanoparticles for antibiotic and heavy metal remediation: integrated experimental and computational evaluation"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jumana","family":"Ghannam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,  Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danah","family":"Aloumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar S.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs,  Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrah","family":"E. Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,  Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21443\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.33003\/fjs-2024-0805-2861","article-title":"Wastewater irrigation safety and heavy metal contamination awareness of farmers along Jakara River Kano, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fudma Journal of Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21443\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.2130","article-title":"Thermochemical conversion of oil palm Fiber-LDPE hybrid waste into 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