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The University of Tokyo"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"The Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Yasuda Memorial Medical Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004398","name":"The Mitsubishi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013489","name":"Yakult Bio-Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project Mirai Cancer Research Grants"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is prevalent worldwide and is associated with gut commensals. Recent studies have highlighted the effects of gut microbes on CRC development driven by their strain diversity. Nevertheless, the impact of the gut microbial community on tumorigenesis in early-stage (ES) CRC remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the potential gut microbial community, which is critical to tumorigenesis in early-stage CRC, we collected publicly available shotgun metagenomes from CRC patient faecal samples from a Japanese population. Correlation analysis of the microbial profiles derived from the metagenomes revealed an ES CRC-associated community. To elucidate the strain diversity of the targeted community, we isolated strains from ES CRC patient faecal samples and employed comparative genomics. To evaluate the strain-specific effects of the community on tumorigenesis, we introduced an isolated strain cocktail into a CRC mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the most significant ES CRC-associated species, we identified\n                      <jats:italic>Lancefieldella parvula<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Lp), as reported in a previous study. The 20 species were identified as positively correlated with Lp. Seven of the 20 species were associated with ES CRC, including\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Solobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Schaalia odontolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (So) (formerly known as\n                      <jats:italic>Actinomyces odontolyticus)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Solobacterium moorei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Sm) were previously reported as potential species that promote CRC. Thus, we isolated clinical strains of Lp, So, and Sm from faecal samples as potential members of the ES CRC-associated community. Comparative genomics revealed that iron-related genes were shared among clinical strains. In the oral challenge with clinical strains, namely, Lp, So, and Sm, the mice exhibited shorter survival and significantly increased tumorigenesis, suggesting that the cocktail of clinical strains is more pathogenic to the CRC mouse model than the type strain is. In summary, we inferred that the ES CRC-associated community could promote CRC, and the effects depend on the strains involved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:28:33Z","timestamp":1784017713000},"page":"e21488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical strains isolated from early-stage colorectal cancer patients promote tumorigenesis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, 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