{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:31:12Z","timestamp":1786437072590,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Project of the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Plan Co-constructed by the Province and the Ministry","award":["SBGJ202302081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBGJ202302081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Early-onset severe preeclampsia (EOSPE) is a serious pregnancy complication associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for EOSPE and to investigate their clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, specifically from placental tissue (\n GSE103542<\/jats:uri>\n ) and plasma (\n GSE234611<\/jats:uri>\n ), were screened to identify miRNAs consistently dysregulated in early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and to discover robust biomarker candidates. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify key modules associated with preeclampsia (PE). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were intersected with miRNAs from WGCNA-identified modules to prioritize candidates. Functional enrichment analysis predicted target genes and involved pathways. Clinical samples (serum and placental tissues from EOSPE patients and normal pregnant women) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preeclampsia rat model were utilized to validate the expression of DEmiRNAs\n via<\/jats:italic>\n reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The diagnostic value of these miRNAs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and their correlations with clinical parameters were assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Bioinformatics analysis identified miR-431-5p as a key molecule, with its expression was significantly upregulated in both serum and placental tissues of patients with EOSPE. Circulating miR-431-5p demonstrated promising diagnostic potential for EOSPE (AUC = 0.803). Its expression level positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.395,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.017) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.41,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.013), uric acid (r = 0.389,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02), lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.399,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.018), and the umbilical artery S\/D ratio (r = 0.457,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01). Conversely, it negatively correlated with gestational age at delivery (r = \u22120.562,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and neonatal birth weight (r = \u22120.503,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02). Multivariable regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, miR-431-5p remained significantly positively associated with the occurrence of EOSPE. Animal experiments confirmed similar upregulation of miR-431-5p in the LPS-induced preeclampsia rat model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In this study, miR-431-5p was significantly upregulated in EOSPE and demonstrated preliminary diagnostic potential. Its expression level was potentially associated with disease severity and adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings suggest that miR-431-5p may serve as a promising candidate biomarker for EOSPE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:15:24Z","timestamp":1786436124000},"page":"e21591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying miR-431-5p as a promising candidate biomarker for early-onset severe preeclampsia through integrated bioinformatic and clinical analyses: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 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Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangnan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enwu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 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