{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:31:10Z","timestamp":1786699870462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hubei Provincial Key Technology Foundation of China","award":["2021ACA013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ACA013"]}]},{"name":"The National key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2018YFA0704000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0704000"]}]},{"name":"The Chutian Scholars Program of Hubei Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alterations in brain regions and cognitive changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after induction chemotherapy (ICT) remain overlooked. This study aimed to investigate brain alterations and their cognitive correlations using a novel Multiplex (MTP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine patients underwent MTP imaging and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test before (pre-ICT) and after (post-ICT) ICT. Paired-samples permutation test determined the differences in quantitative MRI parameters of brain regions between pre- and post-ICT assessments. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and education, examined the relationship between longitudinal changes in regional parameters and MoCA scores. Analysis of covariance, controlling for baseline MoCA scores and demographic variables, compared the parameters of longitudinally altered brain regions between MoCA-decreased (MoCA-dec) and MoCA-non-decreased (MoCA-nd) groups. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated the combined performance of clinical variables and brain regional parameters in predicting cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-ICT patients exhibited decreased volume and R2*, as well as increased T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping values, predominantly in the default mode network, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and subcortical regions. Baseline R2* values in the right superior frontal gyrus, left cuneus, and left lingual gyrus showed significant false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected negative associations with post-ICT naming subscores. The MoCA-dec group exhibited significantly larger right amygdala volumes both before and after ICT, and smaller left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L) volumes after ICT compared with the MoCA-nd group. A combined model of sex, baseline MoCA score, and post-ICT ITG.L volume achieved a preliminary and exploratory area under the curve (AUC) of 0.706 for predicting cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MTP demonstrates potential for evaluating brain alterations in NPC following ICT, and these multiparametric indices showed preliminary associations with cognitive decline. However, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory, as they were derived from a cohort without a non-ICT control group. In addition, the single post-ICT time point cannot determine whether the observed alterations are transient, persistent, or progressive. Consequently, this exploratory study provides neurobiological insights into ICT-related cognitive changes and generates hypotheses regarding the role of MTP-derived parameters as imaging biomarkers in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:45:20Z","timestamp":1786697120000},"page":"e21650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain alterations detected by multiplex magnetic resonance imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after induction chemotherapy: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangquan","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx137","article-title":"Cerebral quantitative susceptibility mapping predicts amyloid-beta-related cognitive decline","volume":"140","author":"Ayton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.066","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction and neurophysiologic mechanism of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"149","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2018.07.016","article-title":"Subcortical brain iron deposition and cognitive performance in older women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a pilot MRI study","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2656","article-title":"Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: individual patient data pooled analysis of four randomized trials","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e285\u2013e290","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14530","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of montreal cognitive assessment basic for screening mild cognitive impairment","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"1866","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210336","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0336","article-title":"Imagination as a fundamental function of the hippocampus","volume":"377","author":"Comrie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9292-y","article-title":"Appraising the role of iron in brain aging and cognition: promises and limitations of MRI methods","volume":"25","author":"Daugherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6306-2_11","article-title":"Chemotherapy associated central nervous system damage","volume":"678","author":"Dietrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0150","article-title":"A histopathologic correlation study evaluating glymphatic function in brain tumors by multiparametric MRI","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.04.047","article-title":"Quantifying iron content in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"187","author":"Ghassaban","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001470","article-title":"Structural analysis of glaucoma brain and its association with ocular parameters","volume":"29","author":"Gracitelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Glaucoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis","volume":"100","author":"Greicius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70707","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70707","article-title":"Multi-Site Theta-tACS improves memory and language performance and associated local and remote functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.09.006","article-title":"STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo (STAGE) imaging. Part III: technical advances and clinical applications of a rapid multi-contrast multi-parametric brain imaging method","volume":"65","author":"Haacke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.177","article-title":"Neuroanatomical dissociation between bottom-up and top-down processes of visuospatial selective attention","volume":"32","author":"Hahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210054","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping: basic methods and clinical applications","volume":"42","author":"Harada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-98","article-title":"Patterns of regional lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of clinical evidence","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70073","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70073","article-title":"Whole brain MRI assessment of age and sex-related R2* changes in the human fetal brain","volume":"46","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915164","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.915164","article-title":"Structure-function decoupling: a novel perspective for understanding the radiation-induced brain injury in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214551110","article-title":"Default mode network connectivity distinguishes chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors from controls","volume":"110","author":"Kesler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.08.019","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping to evaluate the early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6091","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6968","article-title":"Structural MRI research in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: a DTI and VBM study","volume":"14","author":"Leng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027515","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1027515","article-title":"Functional changes of the prefrontal cortex, insula, caudate and associated cognitive impairment (chemobrain) in NSCLC patients receiving different chemotherapy regimen","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.09.010","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments: white matter pathologies","volume":"61","author":"Matsos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171724","article-title":"Changes in brain activation in breast cancer patients depend on cognitive domain and treatment type","volume":"12","author":"Menning","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118071","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI): an overview of etiology and pathogenesis","volume":"258","author":"Mounier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.10.003","article-title":"Are multi-contrast magnetic resonance images necessary for segmenting multiple sclerosis brains? A large cohort study based on deep learning","volume":"65","author":"Narayana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00402-7","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced grey matter abnormalities in cancer survivors: a voxel-wise neuroimaging meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-013-9239-y","article-title":"Integrating imaging findings in evaluating the post-chemotherapy brain","volume":"7","author":"Pomykala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-30","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00617-2","article-title":"Cognitive adverse effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy: are interventions within reach?","volume":"18","author":"Schagen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104686","article-title":"Induction versus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"105","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-020-01094-z","article-title":"Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer based on MRS and DTI analysis","volume":"27","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac436","article-title":"Quantitative myelin imaging with MRI and PET: an overview of techniques and their validation status","volume":"146","author":"van\u00a0der Weijden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-023-01371-8","article-title":"Remote assessment of cognition and quality of life following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: deep-learning-based predictive models and MRI correlates","volume":"18","author":"Voon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Survivorship"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.42005","article-title":"Induction chemotherapy improved long term outcomes in stage IV locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0264-9","article-title":"Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Wefel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07435-2","article-title":"Optimal induction chemotherapy regimen for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an update Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153784","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2023.1153784","article-title":"uRP: an integrated research platform for one-stop analysis of medical images","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Radiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607727","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1607727","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of regional spontaneous brain activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving chemoradiotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26655","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26655","article-title":"The transition from vision to language: distinct patterns of functional connectivity for subregions of the visual word form area","volume":"45","author":"Yablonski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25178","article-title":"Brain network deficits in breast cancer patients after early neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a longitudinal MRI study","volume":"101","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00752","article-title":"Aberrant brain activity at early delay stage post-radiotherapy as a biomarker for predicting neurocognitive dysfunction late-delayed in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28999","article-title":"MULTI-parametric MR imaging with fLEXible design (MULTIPLEX)","volume":"87","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00145-0","article-title":"Pre-symptomatic local brain activity and functional connectivity alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who developed radiation encephalopathy following radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06957-4","article-title":"Machine-learning based MRI radiomics models for early detection of radiation-induced brain injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6071","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping of time-dependent susceptibility changes in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059320","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1059320","article-title":"Structural network alterations in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy: a 1-year longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0265551","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265551","article-title":"A Bayesian network meta-analysis of the primary definitive therapies for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: IC+CCRT, CCRT+AC, and CCRT alone","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70236","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70236","article-title":"Fronto-parietal and language network connectivity and its association with gene expression profiles in bipolar disorder before and after treatment","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00567","article-title":"Chemotherapy potentially facilitates the occurrence of radiation encephalopathy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-022-00695-w","article-title":"Alterations in degree centrality and cognitive function in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21650\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3039","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3039","article-title":"Altered resting-state hippocampal functional connectivity in breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21650.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21650.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21650.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21650.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:45:25Z","timestamp":1786697125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.21650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.21650","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"article-number":"e21650"}}