{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:04:06Z","timestamp":1789376646897,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of obturation technique and sealer type on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors with simulated traumatic crown fractures under clinically relevant loading conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to either the single-cone technique or warm vertical compaction technique. Each group was further divided according to the sealer used: AH Plus or TotalFill BC. After obturation, the crowns were restored with a short fiber-reinforced composite and a nanohybrid composite resin. The specimens were stored at 100% humidity for two weeks and embedded in acrylic resin. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine with oblique loading at 45\u00b0. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both obturation technique and sealer type significantly affected fracture resistance. TotalFill BC produced higher fracture-load values than AH Plus, while the single-cone technique (SCT)\/TotalFill BC group had the highest numerical mean. However, no significant interaction was found between obturation technique and sealer type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within the limitations of this\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study, sealer selection emerged as the primary factor influencing fracture resistance. TotalFill BC provided greater fracture resistance than AH Plus across both obturation techniques, while the absence of a significant interaction indicated that neither technique conferred a sealer-specific advantage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:20:23Z","timestamp":1789374023000},"page":"e21698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of obturation technique and sealer type on the fracture resistance of maxillary central incisors with simulated traumatic fractures"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6zde","family":"Akbal Din\u00e7er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Buket","family":"Kaynar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05326-2","article-title":"The effect of sealer type and obturation technique on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots","volume":"27","author":"Al-Hiyasat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8022","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178022","article-title":"Influence of root canal sealers and obturation techniques on vertical root fracture resistance: an in vitro experiment","volume":"11","author":"Alkahtany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(94)90438-3","article-title":"Biomechanical considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth","volume":"71","author":"Assif","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.08.008","article-title":"The effect of heating time and temperature on epoxy resin and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers","volume":"43","author":"Atmeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.21249","article-title":"Evaluation of root canal sealer filling quality using a single-cone technique in oval-shaped canals: an in vitro micro-CT study","volume":"38","author":"Celikten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.01.013","article-title":"Penetration of calcium silicate and epoxy resin sealers into the lateral canals","volume":"74","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"The International Dental Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300210361","article-title":"Effect of obturation techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth","volume":"21","author":"Dixit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3818652","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3818652","article-title":"Comparison of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with FiberSite post system and glass fiber combined with different root canal sealers","volume":"2021","author":"Eren","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22487","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of different root canal obturation techniques using two root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots","volume":"78","author":"Ersoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microscopy Research and Technique"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.07.039","article-title":"Setting time and expansion of calcium silicate cements and ProRoot MTA","volume":"108","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12330","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12330","article-title":"Short fiber-reinforced composite restorations: a review of the current literature","volume":"9","author":"Garoushi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-12","volume-title":"Cohen\u2019s pathways of the pulp","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2016","edition":"11"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20160584","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2016-0584","article-title":"Evaluation of the sealing ability of different root canal sealers: a combined SEM and micro-CT study","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2009.01571.x","article-title":"Fracture resistance of roots using different canal filling systems","volume":"42","author":"Karapinar Kazandag","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11111079","article-title":"An in vitro comparative analysis of physico\u2013mechanical properties of commercial and experimental bioactive endodontic sealers","volume":"11","author":"Kashaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90219-9","article-title":"A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system predicting maximum possible bite forces","volume":"21","author":"Koolstra","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04190-2","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth: a 3-year retrospective overview study in Vienna","volume":"26","author":"Lembacher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05111-x","article-title":"Comparative assessment of vertical fracture resistance in endodontically treated roots with different obturating systems and techniques: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3311","article-title":"Comparison of fracture resistance between single-cone and warm vertical compaction technique using Bio-C Sealer\u00ae in mandibular incisors: an in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Lichaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345340140020101","article-title":"Forces exerted on the human mandible by the muscles of occlusion","volume":"14","author":"Mainland","year":"1934","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2841","article-title":"Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with different root canal sealers","volume":"21","author":"Mohammed","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90014-4","article-title":"Predicted pattern of human muscle activity during clenching derived from a computer-assisted model: symmetric vertical bite forces","volume":"18","author":"Osborn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.08.011","article-title":"Root reinforcement after obturation with calcium silicate-based sealer and modified gutta-percha cone","volume":"44","author":"Osiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300200625","article-title":"Comparison of five different obturation approaches for resistance against fracture in root canal treated teeth","volume":"20","author":"Pandey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12821","article-title":"Fragment reattachment or direct restoration? An in vitro study","volume":"39","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dental Traumatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.08.014","article-title":"Influence of warm vertical compaction on physical properties of root canal sealers","volume":"42","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S311113","article-title":"Pattern of traumatic dental injuries among adults","volume":"13","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13327","article-title":"Chemical composition and bioactivity potential of the new EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow","volume":"53","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01177.x","article-title":"Resistance to fracture of roots filled with three different techniques","volume":"40","author":"Sagsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2025.85866","article-title":"Evaluation of fracture resistance of roots obturated with three different sealers and obturation techniques","volume":"10","author":"Salim","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01502.x","article-title":"The effects of canal preparation and filling on the incidence of dentinal defects","volume":"42","author":"Shemesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18010040","article-title":"Comparative analysis of fracture resistance of endodontic sealer types and filling methods","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.10.009","article-title":"Monoblocks in root canals: a hypothetical or a tangible goal","volume":"33","author":"Tay","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Endodontics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e528","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17518","article-title":"Fracture resistance of roots filled with three different obturation techniques","volume":"17","author":"Top\u00e7uo\u011flu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patolog\u00eda Oral y Cirug\u00eda Bucal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359509005982","article-title":"Maximal bite force and its association with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in young Finnish non-patients","volume":"53","author":"Waltimo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.21698\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12303","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of minimally invasive versus conventional preparation on tooth biomechanics: a finite element analysis","volume":"124","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"The European Journal of Oral Sciences"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21698.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21698.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21698.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21698.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:20:26Z","timestamp":1789374026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/21698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.21698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.21698","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"article-number":"e21698"}}