{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:10:29Z","timestamp":1776471029469,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council\u2013Argentina","award":["CONICET, PIP 796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONICET, PIP 796"]}]},{"name":"Programa Nacional de Incentivos Docentes","award":["N727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N727"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis remains a major parasitic disease, endemic in large parts of South America. Five neotropical species of\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been found to act as intermediate hosts of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    in natural populations, while others have been shown to be susceptible in experimental infections, although not found infected in the field. Among these potential intermediate hosts,\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria peregrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents the most widespread species in South America, with confirmed occurrence records from Venezuela to northern Patagonia. In this study, we report the southernmost record for the species at the Pinturas River, in southern Patagonia, which finding implies a southward reassessment of the limit for the known species of this genus. The identities of the individuals from this population were confirmed through morphological examination, and by means of two mitochondrial genes,\n                    <jats:italic>cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>16S-rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . With both markers, phylogenetic analyses were conducted in order to compare the genetic background of individuals from the Pinturas River with previously genetically characterized strains of\n                    <jats:italic>B. peregrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    from various South-American locations. In addition, we produced a potential distribution model of\n                    <jats:italic>B. peregrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    in South America and identified the environmental variables that best predict that distribution. The model was estimated through a maximum entropy algorithm and run with occurrence points obtained from several sources, including the scientific literature and international databases, along with climatic and hydrographic variables. Different phylogenetic analyses with either the\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>16S-rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences did not conflict, but rather gave very similar topological organizations. Two major groups were identified, with sequences from the Pinturas River grouping together with haplotypes from subtropical and temperate regions. The model developed had a satisfactory performance for the study area. We observed that the areas with higher habitat suitability were found to be mainly linked to subtropical and temperate regions of South America between 15\u00b0 and 45\u00b0 south latitude, with different moderate- and low-suitability areas outside this range. We also identified the coldest temperatures as the main predictors of the potential distribution of this snail. Susceptibility surveys would be required to evaluate if southern populations of\n                    <jats:italic>B. peregrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    still retain their potential as intermediate hosts of\n                    <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T04:08:01Z","timestamp":1496117281000},"page":"e3401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The South-American distribution and southernmost record of\n                    <i>Biomphalaria peregrina<\/i>\n                    \u2014a potential intermediate host of schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Zoolog\u00eda Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Eugenio","family":"Vogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Zoolog\u00eda Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel An\u00edbal","family":"Beltramino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Zoolog\u00eda Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(56)90038-4","article-title":"Cross-breeding of Australorbis glabratus and Biomphalaria boissyi","volume":"50","author":"Barbosa","year":"1956","journal-title":"Transactions Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/00222936108651121","article-title":"The generic names Australorbis, Biomphalaria, Platytaphius, Taphius and Tropicorbis","volume":"4","author":"Barbosa","year":"1961","journal-title":"Annals and Magazine of Natural History"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-015-1405-3","article-title":"Impact of climate change on the distribution of a giant land snail from South America: predicting future trends for setting conservation priorities on native malacofauna","volume":"131","author":"Beltramino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-5","first-page":"71","article-title":"Sobre moluscos del Paraguay","volume":"2","author":"Bertoni","year":"1925","journal-title":"Revista de la Sociedad Cient\u00edfica del Paraguay"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3401\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.54830\/bmnhn.v25.1951.641","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n de los moluscos terrestres y de agua dulce provistos de concha de Chile. 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