{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:47Z","timestamp":1792790387591,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81170467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81170467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81270569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81270569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Major Project of PLA Medical S&T foundation","award":["AWS11C004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWS11C004"]}]},{"name":"Medical Science Research Foundation of Chongqing Health and Family Planning Committee","award":["2015MSXM224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015MSXM224"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association of C-MYC protein expression and risk stratification in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and to evaluate the utility of C-MYC protein as a prognostic biomarker in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted immunohistochemical staining of C-MYC, Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8, Ki-67, p53 and SRY (sex determining region Y) -11 (SOX11) to investigate their expression in 64 patients with MCL. The staining results and other clinical data were evaluated for their roles in risk stratification of MCL cases using ANOVA, Chi-square, and Spearman\u2019s Rank correlation coefficient analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immunohistochemical staining in our study indicated that SOX11, Ki-67 and p53 presented nuclear positivity of tumor cells, CD8 showed membrane positivity in infiltrating T lymphocytes while PD-L1 showed membrane and cytoplasmic positivity mainly in macrophage cells and little in tumor cells. We observed positive staining of C-MYC either in the nucleus or cytoplasm or in both subcellular locations. There were significant differences in cytoplasmic C-MYC expression, Ki-67 proliferative index of tumor cells, and CD8 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+TIL) among three risk groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.000,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.037 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.020, respectively). However, no significant differences existed in the expression of nuclear C-MYC, SOX11, p53, and PD-L1 in MCL patients with low-, intermediate-, and high risks. In addition, patient age and serum LDH level were also significantly different among 3 groups of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.000, respectively). Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficient analysis indicated that cytoplasmic C-MYC expression, Ki-67 index, age, WBC, as well as LDH level had significantly positive correlations with risk stratification (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.000, 0.015, 0.000, 0.029 and 0.000, respectively), while CD8+TIL in tumor microenvironment negatively correlated with risk stratification of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006). Patients with increased positive cytoplasmic expression of C-MYC protein and decreased CD8+TIL appeared to be associated with a poor response to chemotherapy, but the correlation was not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggested that assessment of cytoplasmic C-MYC overexpression and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by immunohistochemical staining might be helpful for MCL risk stratification and outcome prediction. However, large cohort studies of MCL patients with complete follow up are needed to validate our speculation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T03:46:44Z","timestamp":1497325604000},"page":"e3457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cytoplasmic expression of C-MYC protein is associated with risk stratification of mantle cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology-oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute\/Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chongqing Cancer Institute\/Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3457\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300698","article-title":"PD1 (CD279) and PD-L1 (CD274, B7H1) expression in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL)","volume":"33","author":"Berghoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3457\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.01.002","article-title":"MYC: master regulator of immune privilege","volume":"38","author":"Casey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.3457\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac9935","article-title":"MYC regulates the antitumor immune response through CD47 and 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