{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:38:07Z","timestamp":1792255087902,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516147200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81270371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81270371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81770462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province","award":["2015RS4014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015RS4014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to modulate cardiovascular diseases, and expression dynamics of lncRNAs in the bloodstream were proposed to be potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. However, few cardiovascular diseases-related circulating lncRNAs were identified and their prediction power has not been investigated in depth. Here we report a new circulating lncRNA,\n                      <jats:italic>atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis associated transcript<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and evaluated its role and predicting ability in atherosclerotic development.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      was analyzed and screened by high-throughput sequencing, and then detected\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Immunofluorescence-fluorescence in situ hybridization (IF-FISH) was utilized to explore distribution and subcellular location of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The expressing alteration of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      in samples of healthy and pathological coronary artery was explored further. We also assessed the level of circulating\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      in blood samples from healthy individuals, and patients with angina pectoris (AP) or myocardial infarction (MI). Additionally, we predicted and validated microRNA targets of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      , then showed the expression level of a candidate target which was primarily measured in human VSMCs cell line, coronary artery, and blood samples. Lastly, we examined the potential indicating ability of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      for the risk of AP or MI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed significant reduction in ox-LDL treated human VSMCs\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It enriched in contractile VSMCs of artery tunica media and mainly existed in cytoplasm. Significant down-regulation of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found in coronary artery samples with severe stenosis. More importantly, we observed decreased expression of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      in blood samples accompanying disease progression. ROC and correlation analyses further verified the relatively high predicting ability of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We also observed the predicted miRNA exhibited opposite expression direction to that of\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study revealed that circulating lncRNA-\n                      <jats:italic>APPAT<\/jats:italic>\n                      may perform an important function and have some indicating ability on the development of atherosclerosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T04:10:02Z","timestamp":1516162202000},"page":"e4246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Expression status and clinical significance of lncRNA\n                    <i>APPAT<\/i>\n             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