{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1772269642401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq","award":["427626\/2016-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["427626\/2016-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tissue engineering has been shown to exhibit great potential for the creation of biomaterials capable of developing into functional tissues. Cellular expansion and integration depends on the quality and surface-determinant factors of the scaffold, which are required for successful biological implants. The objective of this research was to characterize and evaluate the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) associated with a bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM). We assessed the adhesion, expansion, and integration of the biomaterial as well as its ability to induce macrophage activation. Finally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and toxicity of the BCM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples of rabbit bone marrow were collected. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from medullary aspirates to establish fibroblast colony-forming unit assay. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation was performed. Integration with the BCM was assessed by scanning electron microscopy at 1, 7, and 14 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the production of nitric oxide, and BCM toxicity was assessed with the MTT assay; phagocytic activity was also determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fibroblastoid colony-forming unit (CFU-F) assay showed cells with a fibroblastoid morphology organized into colonies, and distributed across the culture area surface. In the growth curve, two distinct phases, lag and log phase, were observed at 15 days. Multipotentiality of the cells was evident after induction of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Regarding the BM-MSCs\u2019 bioelectrical integration with the BCM, BM-MSCs were anchored in the BCM in the first 24 h. On day 7 of culture, the cytoplasm was scattered, and on day 14, the cells were fully integrated with the biomaterial. We also observed significant macrophage activation; analysis of the MTT assay and the concentration of nitric oxide revealed no cytotoxicity of the biomaterial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BCM allowed the expansion and biointegration of bone marrow progenitor cells with a stable cytotoxic profile, thus presenting itself as a biomaterial with potential for tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T04:30:32Z","timestamp":1525062632000},"page":"e4656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Behavior and biocompatibility of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with bacterial cellulose membrane"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Marcello de Alencar","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulla Klinger de Carvalho","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Ernanda Sousa de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Levi Tajra","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel Mu\u00e1lem de Moraes","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antileishmania Activities Laboratory, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando A\u00e9cio de Amorim","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antileishmania Activities Laboratory, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartolomeu Cruz Viana","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics\/Advanced Microscopy Multiuser Laboratory\/Laboratory of Physics Material, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Miglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela Faustino","family":"Jozala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Process, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba,  S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Acelina Martins de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, 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