{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:12:50Z","timestamp":1770919970096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zoology Departments, Faculties of Science, Cairo and Beni-Suef Universities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rhabdias<\/jats:italic>sp. (Rhabdiasidae) is a nematode parasite of family Rhabdiasidae infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides new morphological details for<jats:italic>Rhabdias bufonis<\/jats:italic>isolated from the lungs of the African common toad,<jats:italic>Amietophrynus regularis<\/jats:italic>based on observations of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty specimens were collected from its natural habitat: the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. Worms were isolated from the lungs, fixed and then preserved. They were examined using light and SEM with further line drawings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen specimens (35%) were found to harbor<jats:italic>Rhabdias<\/jats:italic>with an intensity of three to five worms per host. Bodies of the gravid females were elongated, slender, measured 3.22\u20139.86 (5.64 \u00b1 0.03) long and 0.09\u20130.48 (0.23 \u00b1 0.02) wide at mid-length. Buccal capsule was with cylindrical lumen and sclerotized walls. Ovaries were almost straight. The uteri were located anterior and posterior to the vulva. Uterus were filled with a large number of eggs (17\u201342). Eggs were oval in shape and some of them were with fully developed larvae inside. The tail was comparatively short, gradually tapered. SEM showed that worms possessed an oval anterior end with a simple, slit like oral opening. The lipless edges of the mouth opening were bordered with tiny cuticular elevations, radiated outwards. Two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae were observed around the oral opening as well as two amphids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study presents new morphological details for<jats:italic>R. bufonis<\/jats:italic>isolated from the African common toad. Also, the morphology of the slit-like mouth opening, the two pairs of cephalic papillae, two amphids and the three pairs of cuticular elevations supporting the area around mouth opening were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T04:42:51Z","timestamp":1532061771000},"page":"e5328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Rhabdias bufonis<\/i>(Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad,<i>Amietophrynus regularis<\/i>(Bufonidae) in Egypt: new data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-8605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kareem","family":"Morsy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Ali","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fathy","family":"Abdel-Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"El-Fayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Abdel-Haleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5194\/we-11-11-2011","article-title":"Helminth community structure and diet of three Afrotropical anuran species: a test of the interactive-versus-isolationist parasite communities hypothesis","volume":"11","author":"Akani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Web Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0000","volume-title":"Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates, Their Development and Transmission","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1139\/z78-289","article-title":"Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and amphibians of southern Ontario","volume":"56","author":"Baker","year":"1978","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2307\/3271838","article-title":"A review of the status of the reptilian nematodes of the genus Rhabdias with a redescription of Rhabdias fuscovenosa var. catanensis (Rizzo, 1902) new rank","volume":"22","author":"Chu","year":"1936","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-010-0035-6","article-title":"Metazoan endoparasites of three species of anurans collected from the middle black sea region of Turkey","volume":"47","author":"Dusen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5328\/ref-6","first-page":"127","article-title":"Rhabdias aegyptiaca sp. n. 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