{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:10:20Z","timestamp":1772269820832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq\/MCT","award":["301636\/2016-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301636\/2016-8"]}]},{"name":"Andr\u00e9 Eduardo Confetti through a grant from CAPES"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Grupo Botic\u00e1rio de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Natureza, through a project","award":["A0010_2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0010_2014"]}]},{"name":"Conducted by Mater Natura\u2014Instituto de Estudos Ambientais"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A new miniaturized frog of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Brachycephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from Morro Santo Anjo in the municipality of Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Specimens were collected from the leaf litter between 470 and 540 above sea level. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) body robust and bufoniform; (2) size snout-vent length 9.9\u201311.7 mm for males and 10.0\u201312.9 mm for females; (3) smooth dorsum; (4) general color (in life) orange with white dots and stripe in the middle of the head and along its vertebral column; (5) iris completely black; (6) advertisement call composed of note groups; (7) isolated notes with 1\u20133 pulses; and (8) short isolated notes (0.002\u20130.027 s). An estimate of the male density of the new species is also presented. Phylogenetic information indicates that the new species is part of the southernmost clade of\n                    <jats:italic>Brachycephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which includes\n                    <jats:italic>Brachycephalus fuscolineatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>B. albolineatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>B. boticario<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The severe anthropogenic impacts in and around the type locality indicate that immediate actions should be taken to ensure the long-term preservation of the new species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T11:58:54Z","timestamp":1538567934000},"page":"e5683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A new species of\n                    <i>Brachycephalus<\/i>\n                    (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2949-4871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcio R.","family":"Pie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Mater Natura\u2014Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz F.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Natura\u2014Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 E.","family":"Confetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio J.","family":"Nadaline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos R.","family":"Bornschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Natura\u2014Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, S\u00e3o Vicente, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3302","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3302.1.5","article-title":"Advertisement and territorial calls of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)","volume":"3302","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-2","article-title":"Raven Pro: interactive sound analysis software","author":"Bioacoustics Research Program","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2490","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2490","article-title":"Geographic and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest","volume":"4","author":"Bornschein","year":"2016a","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-4","first-page":"151","article-title":"Diamantina Tapaculo, a new Scytalopus endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, northeastern Brazil (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)","volume":"15","author":"Bornschein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2629","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2629","article-title":"A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil","volume":"4","author":"Bornschein","year":"2016b","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5273","DOI":"10.7287\/peerj.preprints.3461v2","article-title":"Advertisement call of Brachycephalus albolineatus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)","volume":"6","author":"Bornschein","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.597","article-title":"The geographic range: size, shape, boundaries, and internal structure","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1655\/herpetologica-d-11-00085.1","article-title":"A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil","volume":"68","author":"Clemente-Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1670\/14-119","article-title":"Boundaries of morphological and molecular variation and the distribution of a miniaturized froglet, Brachycephalus nodoterga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)","volume":"50","author":"Clemente-Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Herpetology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1655\/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044","article-title":"A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil","volume":"70","author":"Condez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4083.1.2","article-title":"A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil","volume":"4083","author":"Condez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2109","article-title":"jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing","volume":"9","author":"Darriba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","article-title":"Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7","volume":"29","author":"Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-15","volume-title":"Biology of amphibians","author":"Duellman","year":"1986"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-17","article-title":"Amphibian species of the world: an online reference","author":"Frost","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1655\/herpetologica-d-11-00074.1","article-title":"A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from Southern Brazil","volume":"68","author":"Garey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2307\/1447345","article-title":"Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)","volume":"1998","author":"Giaretta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4258.4.2","article-title":"The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil","volume":"4258","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-21","first-page":"32","article-title":"IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria","author":"IUCN","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novo g\u00eanero e nova esp\u00e9cie de Brachycephalidae do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura)","volume":"280","author":"Izecksohn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4251.1.1","article-title":"The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice","volume":"4251","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2518.1.2","article-title":"Taxonomy of \u201cMouse-colored Tapaculos.\u201d I. On the application of the name Malacorhynchus speluncae M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1835 (Aves: Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae)","volume":"2518","author":"Maur\u00edcio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4407.4.2","article-title":"A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil","volume":"4407","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2739.1.3","article-title":"A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil","volume":"2739","author":"Napoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2012.10.019","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms underlying the distribution of microendemic montane frogs (Brachycephalus spp., Terrarana: Brachycephalidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest","volume":"250","author":"Pie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1179","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1179","article-title":"A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Quiriri mountain range of southern Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Pie","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1590\/s0101-81751999000400004","article-title":"Oviposi\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix) (Anura, Brachycephalidae)","volume":"16","author":"Pombal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Zoologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-30","first-page":"1","article-title":"A posi\u00e7\u00e3o taxon\u00f4mica das \u201cvariedades\u201d de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae)","volume":"526","author":"Pombal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2994\/1808-9798(2006)1[87:anbabf]2.0.co;2","article-title":"A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Esp\u00edrito Santo, southeastern Brazil","volume":"1","author":"Pombal","year":"2006","journal-title":"South American Journal of Herpetology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-32","first-page":"443","article-title":"Uma nova esp\u00e9cie de Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) do estado do Rio de Janeiro","volume":"51","author":"Pombal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pap\u00e9is Avulsos de Zoologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.2307\/1564972","article-title":"Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae)","volume":"28","author":"Pombal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Herpetology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-34","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-35","article-title":"Tracer v1.5","author":"Rambaut","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3603","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3603","article-title":"Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Paran\u00e1, southern Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1011","article-title":"Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","article-title":"MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/09524622.2008.9753600","article-title":"Seewave, a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Sueur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioacoustics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-40","first-page":"374","article-title":"Diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o de 3 tipos de vocaliza\u00e7\u00f5es (cantos) na esp\u00e9cie Brachycephalus pitanga","volume":"3","author":"Tandel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista da Estat\u00edstica da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-41","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o da vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal","author":"Veloso","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1999.0738","article-title":"Phylogeny and classification of poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae), based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences","volume":"15","author":"Vences","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1670\/07-287.1","article-title":"Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae)","volume":"42","author":"Verdade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Herpetology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5683\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4072.4.6","article-title":"Review of morphometric measurements used in anuran species descriptions and recommendations for a standardized approach","volume":"4072","author":"Watters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zootaxa"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/5683.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/5683.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/5683.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/5683.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T04:49:31Z","timestamp":1571978971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/5683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.5683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.5683","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.5683v0.2\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.5683v0.1\/reviews\/3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.5683v0.1\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.5683v0.1\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"article-number":"e5683"}}