{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T18:05:19Z","timestamp":1778868319754,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Argentine National Council of Scientific Research","award":["PIP 0050 (Maria Gabriela Cuezzo) and institutional, P-UE 0099 (Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 0050 (Maria Gabriela Cuezzo) and institutional, P-UE 0099 (Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical)"]}]},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones","award":["Proyecto de Investigaci\u00f3n 16Q634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Proyecto de Investigaci\u00f3n 16Q634"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Land gastropods of the Dry Chaco merit special attention because they comprise a highly diverse but barely studied group.\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      Doering, 1875 are typical inhabitants of this ecoregion. The inclusion of their distribution areas into\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      range, their shell shape similarities, and a former molecular study raised doubts on the monophyly of this genus. The present study review the species of\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , under a morphological, geometric morphometrics, and molecular combined approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adults were collected, photographed, measured, and dissected for anatomical studies. Shell ultrastructure was studied with scanning electron microscope. Geometric morphometric analyses on shells were performed testing if they gave complementary information to anatomy. Two mitochondrial genes, and a nuclear region were studied. Phylogenetic reconstructions to explore the relationships of DNA sequences here obtained to those of\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species from GenBank were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Species description on shell, periostracal ornamentation and anatomy is provided. We raised former\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia cordovana striata<\/jats:italic>\n                      to species rank, naming it as\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia tulumbensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. nov. The periostracum, consisting of hairs and lamellae, has taxonomic importance for species identification. Shell morphometric analyses, inner sculpture of penis and proportion of the epiphallus and penis, were useful tools to species identification. Nuclear markers do not exhibit enough genetic variation to determine species relationships. Based on the mitochondrial markers, genetic distances among\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were greater than 10%, and while\n                      <jats:italic>C. cordovana<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>C. nattkemperi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>C. pagoda<\/jats:italic>\n                      were recognized as distinct evolutionary genetic species, the distinction between\n                      <jats:italic>C. stelzneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C. tulumbensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. nov. was not evident.\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      were paraphyletic in the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Species of\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      here treated have narrow distributional areas and are endemic to the Chaco Serrano subecoregion, restricted to small patches within the Dry Chaco.\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      are synonymous, and the valid name of the taxon should be\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      Doering, 1875 which has priority over\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      Pilsbry &amp; Vanatta, 1894.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results support the composition of\n                      <jats:italic>C. cordovana<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex by three species,\n                      <jats:italic>C. cordovana<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>C. stelzneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>C. tulumbensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. nov. The low genetic divergence between\n                      <jats:italic>C. stelzneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C. tulumbensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. nov. suggests that they have evolved relatively recently. The former\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      are externally distinguished because\n                      <jats:italic>Clessinia<\/jats:italic>\n                      has a detached aperture from the body whorl forming a cornet, periostracal microsculpture extended over dorsal portion of the peristome, five inner teeth on the shell aperture instead of three\u2013four found in\n                      <jats:italic>Spixia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Morphological similarities exists between both genera in shell shape, type of periostracum microsculpture, reproductive anatomy, besides the overlap in geographic ranges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T04:34:01Z","timestamp":1544070841000},"page":"e5986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["From morphology to molecules: a combined source approach to untangle the taxonomy of\n                    <i>Clessinia<\/i>\n                    (Gastropoda, Odontostomidae), endemic land snails from the Dry Chaco ecoregion"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria Gabriela","family":"Cuezzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jose","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-552X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberto Eugenio","family":"Vogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical (IBS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0052-6710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ariel Anibal","family":"Beltramino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Qu\u00edmicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Subtropical (IBS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas\u2014Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10969","article-title":"A hairy business-periostracal hair formation in two species of helicoid snails (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Helicoidea)","volume":"272","author":"Allgaier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201820170766","article-title":"The exotic jumping snail Ovachlamys fulgens (Gude, 1900) (Gastropoda: Helicarionidae) in urban areas of the Upper-Paran\u00e1 Atlantic Forest","volume":"90","author":"Beltramino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ci\u00eancias"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052544","article-title":"Species detection and identification in sexual organisms using population genetic theory and DNA sequences","volume":"8","author":"Birky","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010609","article-title":"Using population genetic theory and DNA sequences for species detection and identification in asexual organisms","volume":"5","author":"Birky","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-5","volume-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology","volume":"435","author":"Bookstein","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4002\/040.061.0201","article-title":"Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran families","volume":"61","author":"Bouchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malacologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.5986\/ref-7","first-page":"109","article-title":"Catalogue of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), II. 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