{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:29:32Z","timestamp":1792024172632,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017YFD0500902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key R&D Program of Gansu Province of China","award":["17YF1NA070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17YF1NA070"]}]},{"name":"National Pig Industrial System of China","award":["CARS-36-06B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36-06B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T04:44:13Z","timestamp":1547441053000},"page":"e6185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE\/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0123","article-title":"Mice antibody response to conserved nonadjuvanted multiple antigenic peptides derived from E1\/E2 regions of hepatitis C virus","volume":"30","author":"Abdelhafez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viral Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/v10030100","article-title":"DNA vaccine-encoded flagellin can be used as an adjuvant scaffold to augment HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal external region immunogenicity","volume":"10","author":"Ajamian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09199-w","article-title":"Exploring dengue genome to construct a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approach to battle against dengue infection","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7372","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/479178a","article-title":"Nobels: toll pioneers deserve recognition","volume":"479","author":"Allison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32800ff5d6","article-title":"A vaccine for hypertension based on virus-like particles: preclinical efficacy and phase I safety and immunogenicity","volume":"25","author":"Amb\u00fchl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.03.042","article-title":"Site-specific effect of polar functional group-modification in lipids of TLR2 ligands for modulating the ligand immunostimulatory activity","volume":"28","author":"Arai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e189100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189100","article-title":"The influence of conjugation variables on the design and immunogenicity of a glycoconjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi","volume":"12","author":"Arcuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026617666170130111324","article-title":"Model systems for pulmonary infectious diseases: paradigms of anthrax and tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Arora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3012","article-title":"Carbohydrate vaccines: developing sweet solutions to sticky situations?","volume":"9","author":"Astronomo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.27332","article-title":"Recent progress in adjuvant discovery for peptide-based subunit vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Azmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.001","article-title":"The evaluation of immunogenic impact of selected bacterial, recombinant Hsp60 antigens in DBA\/2J mice","volume":"115","author":"Bajzert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e130858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130858","article-title":"Development of a multivalent subunit vaccine against Tularemia using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based delivery system","volume":"10","author":"Banik","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/619410","article-title":"Targeting TLR2 for vaccine development","volume":"2014","author":"Basto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00111-X","article-title":"CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin","volume":"14","author":"Basu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.01.056","article-title":"Immunization with phage virus-like particles displaying Zika virus potential B-cell epitopes neutralizes Zika virus infection of monkey kidney cells","volume":"36","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4978","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02074-14","article-title":"Immunogenicity and in vitro and in vivo protective effects of antibodies targeting a recombinant form of the Streptococcus mutans P1 surface protein","volume":"82","author":"Batista","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1561","article-title":"The novel TLR-9 agonist QbG10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma","volume":"131","author":"Beeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.13.10","article-title":"Virus-like particle-based vaccines against hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"12","author":"Bellier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou054","article-title":"Heat shock protein peptide complex-96 (HSPPC-96) vaccination for recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II, single arm trial","volume":"16","author":"Bloch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.08.010","article-title":"The quest for a nanoparticle-based vaccine inducing broad protection to influenza viruses","volume":"14","author":"Bolduc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.26796","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles: potent vectors for vaccine delivery targeting cancer and infectious diseases","volume":"10","author":"Bolhassani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.8.1185","article-title":"Heat-shock proteins as powerful weapons in vaccine development","volume":"7","author":"Bolhassani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1086048","article-title":"Potential protective immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and cross reacting material 197 (CRM197) when used as carrier proteins in glycoconjugates","volume":"12","author":"Broker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7098","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr02176a","article-title":"Supramolecular self-assemblies as functional nanomaterials","volume":"5","author":"Busseron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6106","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201300390","article-title":"Self-adjuvanting synthetic antitumor vaccines from MUC1 glycopeptides conjugated to T-cell epitopes from tetanus toxoid","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2017.09.005","article-title":"Synthetic three-component HIV-1 V3 glycopeptide immunogens induce glycan-dependent antibody responses","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Chemical Biology"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.123","article-title":"Engineering of the PapMV Vaccine platform with a shortened M2e peptide leads to an effective one dose influenza vaccine","volume":"33","author":"Carignan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23224","article-title":"Immunogenicity in mice and non-human primates of the Group A Streptococcal J8 peptide vaccine candidate conjugated to CRM197","volume":"9","author":"Caro-Aguilar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.11.1957","article-title":"Receptor-mediated uptake of antigen\/heat shock protein complexes results in major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation via two distinct processing pathways","volume":"191","author":"Castellino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838185","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 signaling shapes specific antibody responses to Salmonella typhi antigens","volume":"39","author":"Cervantes-Barragan","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.10.099","article-title":"Evaluation of the ability of N-terminal fragment of lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis for delivery of Mycobacterium T cell antigen ESAT-6 into cytosol of antigen presenting cells to elicit effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte response","volume":"351","author":"Chandra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866524666170621094921","article-title":"Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice by multiepitope vaccines composing of both T and B lymphocyte epitopes of MAGE-A3 which are recombined into HBcAg","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein & Peptide Letters"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805532107","article-title":"Delivery of foreign antigens by engineered outer membrane vesicle vaccines","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.11.009","article-title":"A vaccine formulated with a combination of TLR-2 and TLR-9 adjuvants and the recombinant major outer membrane protein elicits a robust immune response and significant protection against a Chlamydia muridarum challenge","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4387","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99005","article-title":"TLR3 agonist and CD40-targeting vaccination induces immune responses and reduces HIV-1 reservoirs","volume":"128","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88183","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088183","article-title":"Induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses in a mouse model following gene fusion of HSP70C and Hantaan virus Gn and S0.7 in an adenoviral vector","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2014b","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S102467","article-title":"Chimeric HBcAg virus-like particles presenting a HPV 16 E7 epitope significantly suppressed tumor progression through preventive or therapeutic immunization in a TC-1-grafted mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002547","article-title":"A vaccine against nicotine for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Cornuz","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0474-3","article-title":"Hsp70 at the membrane: driving protein translocation","volume":"16","author":"Craig","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-66","article-title":"Inclusion of a specific T cell epitope increases the protection conferred against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs by a linear peptide containing an immunodominant B cell site","volume":"9","author":"Cubillos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.120301.102400","article-title":"Tobacco mosaic virus assembly and disassembly: determinants in pathogenicity and resistance","volume":"40","author":"Culver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-016-0460-4","article-title":"Immunogenicity of Leishmania-derived hepatitis B small surface antigen particles exposing highly conserved E2 epitope of hepatitis C virus","volume":"15","author":"Czarnota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbial Cell Factories"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.091","article-title":"Non-toxic derivatives of LT as potent adjuvants","volume":"29","author":"Da","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e169086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169086","article-title":"Definition of human epitopes recognized in tetanus toxoid and development of an assay strategy to detect exvivo tetanus CD4+ T cell responses","volume":"12","author":"Da","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.01.015","article-title":"Lentiviral vector encoding ubiquitinated hepatitis B core antigen induces potent cellular immune responses and therapeutic immunity in HBV transgenic mice","volume":"221","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5854","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01941-14","article-title":"Decoration of outer membrane vesicles with multiple antigens by using an autotransporter approach","volume":"80","author":"Daleke-Schermerhorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg091","article-title":"Immunization with a mycobacterial lipid vaccine improves pulmonary pathology in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Dascher","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.001","article-title":"Protein nanoparticle vaccine based on flagellin carrier fused to influenza conserved epitopes confers full protection against influenza A virus challenge","volume":"509","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1086\/315324","article-title":"Universal epitopes for human CD4+ cells on tetanus and diphtheria toxins","volume":"181","author":"Diethelm-Okita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.09.050","article-title":"Active immunization with the peptide epitope vaccine A\u03b23-10-KLH induces a Th2-polarized anti-A\u03b2 antibody response and decreases amyloid plaques in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"634","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.01.003","article-title":"Prophylactic active immunization with a novel epitope vaccine improves cognitive ability by decreasing amyloid plaques and neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"119","author":"Ding","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00721-12","article-title":"Cytolytic activity of the human papillomavirus type 16 E711-20 epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte is enhanced by heat shock protein 110 in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5239","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S140789","article-title":"Nanoparticle orientationally displayed antigen epitopes improve neutralizing antibody level in a model of porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2017b","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3335-8_1","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: ligands, cell-based models, and readouts for receptor action","volume":"1390","author":"Dowling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"49\u201350","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.053","article-title":"A controlled clinical trial comparing the safety and immunogenicity of a new adjuvanted hepatitis B Vaccine with a standard hepatitis B vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Dupont","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201400392","article-title":"Next generation vaccines and vectors: designing downstream processes for recombinant protein-based virus-like particles","volume":"10","author":"Effio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnology Journal"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.03.092","article-title":"Effectiveness of a novel immunogenic nanoparticle platform for Toxoplasma peptide Vaccine in HLA transgenic mice","volume":"32","author":"El","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-017-0024-6","article-title":"Protein nanovaccine confers robust immunity against Toxoplasma","volume":"2","author":"El","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-59","first-page":"161","article-title":"In silico design and expression of a novel fusion protein of HBHA and high antigenic region of FAP-P of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Pichia pastoris","volume":"6","author":"Eraghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Research Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1159\/000067441","article-title":"Dendritic cells as adjuvants in antitumor immune therapy","volume":"25","author":"Felzmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.11.68","article-title":"Subunit vaccines of the future: the need for safe, customized and optimized particulate delivery systems","volume":"2","author":"Foged","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therapeutic Delivery"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.02.024","article-title":"Generation of a universal CD4 memory T cell recall peptide effective in humans, mice and non-human primates","volume":"32","author":"Fraser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.044","article-title":"Supramolecular peptide hydrogel adjuvanted subunit Vaccine elicits protective antibody responses against West Nile virus","volume":"34","author":"Friedrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.06.005","article-title":"C-terminal heat shock protein 70 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a molecular adjuvant for DNA vaccination with the porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 (capsid) gene in mice","volume":"195","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12340","article-title":"Enhanced effect of BCG vaccine against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice with lung Th17 response to mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin antigen","volume":"59","author":"Fukui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13927","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00936-07","article-title":"A protective and broadly cross-neutralizing epitope of human papillomavirus L2","volume":"81","author":"Gambhira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.05.012","article-title":"Fusion expression of major antigenic segment of JEV E protein-hsp70 and the identification of domain acting as adjuvant in hsp70","volume":"113","author":"Ge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e134478","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134478","article-title":"Production of a Shigella sonnei vaccine based on generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), 1790GAHB","volume":"10","author":"Gerke","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201400256","article-title":"A fully synthetic glycopeptide antitumor vaccine based on multiple antigen presentation on a hyperbranched polymer","volume":"20","author":"Glaffig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemistry-A European Journal"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10150","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ob01255d","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of multivalent MUC1 glycopeptide antitumour vaccines based on hyperbranched polymers","volume":"13","author":"Glaffig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.05.003","article-title":"Designer outer membrane vesicles as immunomodulatory systems\u2013reprogramming bacteria for vaccine delivery","volume":"114","author":"Gnopo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142361","article-title":"Nano-particle vaccination combined with TLR-7 and -9 ligands triggers memory and effector CD8+ T-cell responses in melanoma patients","volume":"42","author":"Goldinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.7b00320","article-title":"Prompt and robust humoral immunity elicited by a conjugated chimeric malaria antigen with a truncated flagellin","volume":"29","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00349","article-title":"Oral immunization with a multivalent epitope-based vaccine, based on NAP, urease, HSP60, and HpaA, provides therapeutic effect on H. pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2013.807439","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular Hsp70 chaperone as a target for cancer therapy","volume":"29","author":"Guzhova","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.172","article-title":"Bacterial flagellin-a potent immunomodulatory agent","volume":"49","author":"Hajam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental and Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.12.010","article-title":"Immunoinformatics analysis and in silico designing of a novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"48","author":"Hajighahramani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1381-0","article-title":"The TLR2\/6 ligand PAM2CSK4 is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models","volume":"9","author":"Halliday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.054","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a novel tetanus toxoid-conjugated anti-gastrin Vaccine in BALB\/c mice","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-80","article-title":"Truncated core\/NS3 fusion protein of HCV adjuvanted with outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B: potent inducer of the murine immune system","author":"Hekmat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Biomedical Journal"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1021\/jm040041w","article-title":"Toward the development of a synthetic group a streptococcal vaccine of high purity and broad protective coverage","volume":"47","author":"Horvath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113978","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113978","article-title":"Intradermal administration of the type II heat-labile enterotoxins LT-IIb and LT-IIc of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enhances humoral and CD8+ T cell immunity to a co-administered antigen","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.062","article-title":"Potent immunogenicity and efficacy of a universal influenza Vaccine candidate comprising a recombinant fusion protein linking influenza M2e to the TLR5 ligand flagellin","volume":"26","author":"Huleatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161092","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.161092","article-title":"Classification of self-assembling protein nanoparticle architectures for applications in vaccine design","volume":"4","author":"Indelicato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2015.0365","article-title":"Evaluation of two different adjuvants with immunogenic uroplakin 3A-derived peptide for their ability to evoke an immune response in mice","volume":"26","author":"Izgi","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Cytokine Network"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10415-w","article-title":"Induction of high titred, non-neutralising antibodies by self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein","volume":"7","author":"Jaberolansar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400969101","article-title":"Intestinal villous M cells: an antigen entry site in the mucosal epithelium","volume":"101","author":"Jang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.06.037","article-title":"Cyclic OmpC peptidic epitope conjugated to tetanus toxoid as a potential Vaccine candidate against shigellosis","volume":"36","author":"Jarzab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.031","article-title":"Evaluation of tandem Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP multi-epitopes Vaccine in BALB\/c mice model","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502599","article-title":"TLR10 is a negative regulator of both MyD88-dependent and -independent TLR signaling","volume":"196","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.008","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide","volume":"130","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-014-0162-8","article-title":"An autotransporter display platform for the development of multivalent recombinant bacterial vector vaccines","volume":"13","author":"Jong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbial Cell Factories"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3487","article-title":"Enhanced efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines produced by co-treatment with Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin, a novel TLR4 agonist","volume":"71","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017571","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8017571","article-title":"Does Hsp60 provide a link between mitochondrial stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus?","volume":"2016","author":"Juwono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.07.069","article-title":"The novel immunogenic chimeric peptide vaccine to elicit potent cellular and mucosal immune responses against HTLV-1","volume":"549","author":"Kabiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(01)00182-3","article-title":"Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors","volume":"1589","author":"Kaisho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.086","article-title":"Incorporation of RG1 epitope concatemers into a self-adjuvanting Flagellin-L2 vaccine broaden durable protection against cutaneous challenge with diverse human papillomavirus genotypes","volume":"35","author":"Kalnin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.032","article-title":"Low doses of flagellin-L2 multimer Vaccines protect against challenge with diverse papillomavirus genotypes","volume":"32","author":"Kalnin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1086\/323342","article-title":"Immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine elicits a mixed Th1 and Th2 CD(4+) T cell cytokine response that correlates with the isotype of antipolysaccharide antibody","volume":"184","author":"Kamboj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.05.001","article-title":"Vaccine technologies: from whole organisms to rationally designed protein assemblies","volume":"120","author":"Karch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.08.030","article-title":"Vaccination with self-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles provides protection against lethal influenza challenge","volume":"13","author":"Karch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01088","article-title":"Encapsulation of an EP67-conjugated CTL peptide vaccine in nanoscale biodegradable particles increases the efficacy of respiratory immunization and affects the magnitude and memory subsets of vaccine-generated mucosal and systemic CD8(+) T cells in a diameter-dependent manner","volume":"14","author":"Karuturi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191895","article-title":"Development of vaccine for dyslipidemia targeted to a proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) epitope in mice","volume":"13","author":"Kawakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.051","article-title":"Tobacco mosaic virus efficiently targets DC uptake, activation and antigen-specific T cell responses in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Kemnade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1449","article-title":"IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge","volume":"8","author":"Khader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.03.076","article-title":"Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles with enhanced functionality","volume":"380","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-1035-2","article-title":"Human beta-defensin 2 plays a regulatory role in innate antiviral immunity and is capable of potentiating the induction of antigen-specific immunity","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10048","article-title":"Transcutaneous pollinosis immunotherapy using a solid-in-oil nanodispersion system carrying T cell epitope peptide and R848","volume":"2","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioengineering & Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.010","article-title":"Salmonella outer membrane vesicles displaying high densities of pneumococcal antigen at the surface offer protection against colonization","volume":"33","author":"Kuipers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.083","article-title":"Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development","volume":"31","author":"Kushnir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17729-9","article-title":"The toll-like receptor 2\/6 agonist, FSL-1 lipopeptide, therapeutically mitigates acute radiation syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Kurkjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01811-07","article-title":"Novel plant virus-based vaccine induces protective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated antiviral immunity through dendritic cell maturation","volume":"82","author":"Lacasse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5081362","article-title":"pH-triggered conformational switching along the membrane insertion pathway of the diphtheria toxin T-domain","volume":"5","author":"Ladokhin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.02.011","article-title":"Scalable chromatography-based purification of virus-like particle carrier for epitope based influenza A vaccine produced in Escherichia coli","volume":"232","author":"Lagoutte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77084","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077084","article-title":"A novel M2e based flu vaccine formulation for dogs","volume":"8","author":"Leclerc","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803683","article-title":"Interaction of the hepatitis B core antigen and the innate immune system","volume":"182","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-4889(99)00070-1","article-title":"Membrane traffic and the cellular uptake of cholera toxin","volume":"1450","author":"Lencer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)\u2013Molecular Cell Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071583","article-title":"Recent advances in toll like receptor-targeting glycoconjugate vaccines","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7378","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387023","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/387023","article-title":"Chitin, chitosan, and glycated chitosan regulate immune responses: the novel adjuvants for cancer vaccine","volume":"2013","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical and Developmental Immunology"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.01.012","article-title":"A truncated C-terminal fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 gene enhanced potency of HBV DNA Vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.12.018","article-title":"Synergistic enhancement of anticancer therapeutic efficacy of HPMA copolymer doxorubicin conjugates via combination of ligand modification and stimuli-response srategies","volume":"536","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2018.045","article-title":"Efficient humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a chimeric virus-like particle displaying the epitope of EV71 without adjuvant","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomedical and Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65123","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17729","article-title":"Anti-tumor activity of anthrax toxin variants that form a functional translocation pore by intermolecular complementation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00770-14","article-title":"Immunogenicity and efficacy of flagellin-envelope fusion dengue vaccines in mice and monkeys","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2018.06.001","article-title":"Flagellin-deficient outer membrane vesicles as adjuvant induce cross-protection of Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane proteins against infection by heterologous Salmonella serotypes","volume":"308","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060621","article-title":"Humans have antibodies against a plant virus: evidence from tobacco mosaic virus","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"72","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10886","DOI":"10.1039\/c6cc04623a","article-title":"Fully synthetic self-adjuvanting MUC1-fibroblast stimulating lipopeptide 1 conjugates as potential cancer vaccines","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.29425","article-title":"Virus-like particles presenting interleukin-33 molecules: immunization characteristics and potentials of blockingIL-33\/ST2 pathway in allergic airway inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2015.11.001","article-title":"Self-assembling protein nanoparticles in the design of vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Lopez-Sagaseta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00858-15","article-title":"Maternal vaccination with a fimbrial tip adhesin and passive protection of neonatal mice against lethal human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge","volume":"83","author":"Luiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.29054","article-title":"Vaccines against invasive Salmonella disease: current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"MacLennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9205-2","article-title":"A phase I pilot study of autologous heat shock protein vaccine HSPPC-96 in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Maki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201964109","article-title":"Structural basis for lack of toxicity of the diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197","volume":"109","author":"Malito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ob00447g","article-title":"Self-assembly of peptides to nanostructures","volume":"12","author":"Mandal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.09.057","article-title":"Lipid core peptide\/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as a highly potent intranasal vaccine delivery system against Group A streptococcus","volume":"513","author":"Marasini","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-136","first-page":"3235","article-title":"Vaccination with autologous tumor-derived heat-shock protein gp96 after liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Mazzaferro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"issue":"40\u201341","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.003","article-title":"TMV-peptide fusion vaccines induce cell-mediated immune responses and tumor protection in two murine models","volume":"24","author":"McCormick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2015.00060","article-title":"Synthetic self-adjuvanting glycopeptide cancer vaccines","volume":"3","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Chemistry"},{"issue":"71","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10273","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc03510k","article-title":"Synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-adjuvanting MUC1-macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 conjugate vaccine candidates","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10428","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807655115","article-title":"Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal Salmonella","volume":"115","author":"Micoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6139","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/329547a0","article-title":"Antibody production to the nucleocapsid and envelope of the hepatitis B virus primed by a single synthetic T cell site","volume":"329","author":"Milich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6780","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1038\/35009119","article-title":"CD1c-mediated T-cell recognition of isoprenoid glycolipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"404","author":"Moody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.08.038","article-title":"Evaluation of antibody response to an adjuvanted hapten-protein vaccine as a potential inhibitor of sexual maturation for farmed Atlantic salmon","volume":"71","author":"Mora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12093","article-title":"Salmonella Typhi OmpS1 and OmpS2 porins are potent protective immunogens with adjuvant properties","volume":"139","author":"Moreno-Eutimio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.03.005","article-title":"Biotechnology approaches to produce potent, self-adjuvanting antigen-adjuvant fusion protein subunit vaccines","volume":"35","author":"Moyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnology Advances"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1021\/bc500108b","article-title":"Site-specific incorporation of three toll-like receptor 2 targeting adjuvants into semisynthetic, molecularly defined nanoparticles: application to group a streptococcal vaccines","volume":"25","author":"Moyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chemistry"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6364","DOI":"10.1021\/jm060475m","article-title":"Synthesis of a highly pure lipid core peptide based self-adjuvanting triepitopic group A streptococcal vaccine, and subsequent immunological evaluation","volume":"49","author":"Moyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201200487","article-title":"Modern subunit vaccines: development, components, and research opportunities","volume":"8","author":"Moyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.11.1951","article-title":"Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration","volume":"185","author":"Muhlradt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307759200","article-title":"Identification of conserved domains in Salmonella muenchen flagellin that are essential for its ability to activate TLR5 and to induce an inflammatory response in vitro","volume":"279","author":"Murthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2015.06.070","article-title":"Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole-tethered carbohydrate-Pam3Cys conjugates as TLR2 agonists","volume":"23","author":"Nalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.007","article-title":"Excavating chikungunya genome to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using comprehensive immunoinformatics approach to control chikungunya infection","volume":"61","author":"Narula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.08.002","article-title":"A novel HPV prophylactic peptide vaccine, designed by immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology approaches","volume":"54","author":"Negahdaripour","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.05.002","article-title":"Harnessing self-assembled peptide nanoparticles in epitope vaccine design","volume":"35","author":"Negahdaripour","year":"2017b","journal-title":"Biotechnology Advances"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.12.008","article-title":"Structural vaccinology considerations for in silico designing of a multi-epitope vaccine","volume":"58","author":"Negahdaripour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.2036","article-title":"Deletion of flagellin\u2019s hypervariable region abrogates antibody-mediated neutralization and systemic activation of TLR5-dependent immunity","volume":"181","author":"Nempont","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.037","article-title":"Polyglutamic acid-trimethyl chitosan-based intranasal peptide nano-vaccine induces potent immune responses against group A streptococcus","volume":"80","author":"Nevagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1039\/c6mb00772d","article-title":"Designing an efficient multi-epitope oral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology approaches","volume":"13","author":"Nezafat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular BioSystems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.01.018","article-title":"A novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against cancer: an in silico approach","volume":"349","author":"Nezafat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2016.04.006","article-title":"Designing an efficient multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Vibrio cholerae via combined immunoinformatics and protein interaction based approaches","volume":"62","author":"Nezafat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computational Biology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2014.11.001","article-title":"Production of a novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine for cancer immunotherapy in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice","volume":"43","author":"Nezafat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.031","article-title":"Enhanced protection against Streptococcus pyogenes infection by intranasal vaccination with a dual antigen component M protein\/SfbI lipid core peptide Vaccine formulation","volume":"25","author":"Olive","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4053","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4053","article-title":"Virus like particles as a platform for cancer vaccine development","volume":"5","author":"Ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.02.002","article-title":"Biophysical and immunological characterization of the ESX-4 system ESAT-6 family proteins Rv3444c and Rv3445c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv","volume":"109","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20071640","article-title":"The Hsp90 molecular chaperone: an open and shut case for treatment","volume":"410","author":"Pearl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00230","article-title":"Salmonella typhi porins OmpC and OmpF are potent adjuvants for T-dependent and T-independent antigens","volume":"8","author":"Perez-Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02426-5","article-title":"Taking toll: lipid A mimetics as adjuvants and immunomodulators","volume":"10","author":"Persing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.26109","article-title":"Protein carriers of conjugate vaccines: characteristics, development, and clinical trials","volume":"9","author":"Pichichero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-010-0906-1","article-title":"Analysis of a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and human mucin 1 (MUC1) conjugate protein in a MUC1-tolerant mouse model","volume":"59","author":"Pinkhasov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.119","article-title":"Viral nanoparticles and virus-like particles: platforms for contemporary vaccine design","volume":"3","author":"Plummer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.5b00036","article-title":"Intact reducing glycan promotes the specific immune response to lacto-N-neotetraose-BSA neoglycoconjugates","volume":"26","author":"Prasanphanich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chemistry"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.01.011","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improving immunization against hepatitis B infection","volume":"28","author":"Prego","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000449503","article-title":"The true story and advantages of RNA phage capsids as nanotools","volume":"59","author":"Pumpens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006191","article-title":"A tetravalent virus-like particle vaccine designed to display domain III of dengue envelope proteins induces multi-serotype neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaques which confer protection against antibody dependent enhancement in AG129 mice","volume":"12","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.053","article-title":"A virus-like particle vaccine candidate for influenza A virus based on multiple conserved antigens presented on hepatitis B tandem core particles","volume":"36","author":"Ramirez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.12.004","article-title":"A multi-subunit based, thermodynamically stable model vaccine using combined immunoinformatics and protein structure based approach","volume":"221","author":"Rana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1039\/c4mb00234b","article-title":"Proteome-scale identification of outer membrane proteins in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a structure based combined hierarchical approach","volume":"10","author":"Rana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular BioSystems"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.01.028","article-title":"Recombinant M2e outer membrane vesicle vaccines protect against lethal influenza A challenge in BALB\/c mice","volume":"34","author":"Rappazzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.06.007","article-title":"The science of vaccine adjuvants: advances in TLR4 ligand adjuvants","volume":"41","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Immunology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10407","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01184-15","article-title":"Virus-like vesicle-based therapeutic vaccine vectors for chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"89","author":"Reynolds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-016-2088-6","article-title":"Expression of an immunogenic LTB-based chimeric protein targeting Zaire ebolavirus epitopes from GP1 in plant cells","volume":"36","author":"Rios-Huerta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Reports"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/s0145-305x(02)00160-x","article-title":"Evolution of heat shock protein and immunity","volume":"27","author":"Robert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5222","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.173682","article-title":"Functional diversity of heat-labile toxins (LT) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: differential enzymatic and immunological activities of LT1 (hLT) AND LT4 (pLT)","volume":"286","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.150","article-title":"Hepatitis B core-based virus-like particles to present heterologous epitopes","volume":"12","author":"Roose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24922","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.566570","article-title":"Modulation of endotoxicity of Shigella generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA) by genetic lipid A modifications: relative activation of TLR4 and TLR2 pathways in different mutants","volume":"289","author":"Rossi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003001","article-title":"Vaccines: from empirical development to rational design","volume":"8","author":"Rueckert","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2017.06.002","article-title":"Effect of TLR ligands co-encapsulated with multiepitopic antigen in nanoliposomes targeted to human DCs via Fc receptor for cancer vaccines","volume":"222","author":"Rueda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.04.009","article-title":"Development of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine inducing robust T cell responses against brucellosis using immunoinformatics based approaches","volume":"51","author":"Saadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603903","article-title":"Intratumoural injection of the toll-like receptor-2\/6 agonist \u2018macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2\u2032 in patients with pancreatic carcinoma: a phase I\/II trial","volume":"97","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwv081","article-title":"Synthesis of Galalpha(1,3)Galbeta(1,4)GlcNAcalpha-, Galbeta(1,4)GlcNAcalpha- and GlcNAc-containing neoglycoproteins and their immunological evaluation in the context of Chagas disease","volume":"26","author":"Schocker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.08.015","article-title":"Bivalent mucosal peptide vaccines administered using the LCP carrier system stimulate protective immune responses against Streptococcus pyogenes infection","volume":"13","author":"Schulze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1987","article-title":"Heat shock protein-mediated cross-presentation of exogenous HIV antigen on HLA class I and class II","volume":"173","author":"SenGupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.040","article-title":"Development of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle Vaccine targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein delivered in three army liposome formulation adjuvants","volume":"35","author":"Seth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-017-8953-8","article-title":"Th2-biased immune response and agglutinating antibodies generation by a chimeric protein comprising OmpC epitope (323\u2013336) of Aeromonas hydrophila and LTB","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunologic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01718-07","article-title":"Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells respond to antigens fused to anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"76","author":"Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00171","article-title":"Heat shock protein-peptide and HSP-based immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Shevtsov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22759","article-title":"Different applications of virus-like particles in biology and medicine: vaccination and delivery systems","volume":"105","author":"Shirbaghaee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1261778","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1261778","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by EMMPRIN multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccination is mediated by immune modulation","volume":"6","author":"Simanovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2174\/156720111795256192","article-title":"Peptide-based subunit nanovaccines","volume":"8","author":"Skwarczynski","year":"2011a","journal-title":"Current Drug Delivery"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-151-2_18","article-title":"Lipid-core-peptide system for self-adjuvanting synthetic vaccine delivery","volume":"751","author":"Skwarczynski","year":"2011b","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.187","article-title":"Recent advances in peptide-based subunit nanovaccines","volume":"9","author":"Skwarczynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5742","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201002221","article-title":"Polyacrylate dendrimer nanoparticles: a self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery system","volume":"49","author":"Skwarczynski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1011","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes a conserved site on flagellin required for protofilament formation and bacterial motility","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.08.040","article-title":"Assembly of trans-encapsidated recombinant viral vectors engineered from tobacco mosaic virus and Semliki Forest virus and their evaluation as immunogens","volume":"358","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-013-8468-x","article-title":"Secreted heat shock protein gp96-Ig: next-generation vaccines for cancer and infectious diseases","volume":"57","author":"Strbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunologic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.08.024","article-title":"Construction and immunological evaluation of truncated hepatitis B core particles carrying HBsAg amino acids 119-152 in the major immunodominant region (MIR)","volume":"439","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2017.06.030","article-title":"Evaluation of virus-like particle-based tumor-associated carbohydrate immunogen in a mouse tumor model","volume":"597","author":"Sungsuwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.873","article-title":"Adjuvant-free hsp70 fusion protein system elicits humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1 p24","volume":"156","author":"Suzue","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13146","article-title":"Heat shock fusion proteins as vehicles for antigen delivery into the major histocompatibility complex class I presentation pathway","volume":"94","author":"Suzue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00496","article-title":"Type I interferon-independent dendritic cell priming and antitumor T cell activation induced by a Mycoplasma fermentans lipopeptide","volume":"9","author":"Takeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.15.5409","article-title":"Synthetic peptide vaccine design: synthesis and properties of a high-density multiple antigenic peptide system","volume":"85","author":"Tam","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00783","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles: current status and future direction of these novel vaccine adjuvants","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics8010007","article-title":"Liposome-based adjuvants for subunit vaccines: formulation strategies for subunit antigens and immunostimulators","volume":"8","author":"Tandrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-44R.1","article-title":"Expression of heat shock proteins and heat shock protein messenger ribonucleic acid in human prostate carcinoma in vitro and in tumors in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.029","article-title":"A novel self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine with HIV-1 Tat49-57\/HPV16 E749-57 fusion peptide and GM-CSF DNA elicits potent and prolonged CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in mice","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.01.021","article-title":"Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses","volume":"141","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.086","article-title":"Development of VAX128, a recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine with improved safety and immune response","volume":"30","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.001","article-title":"Induction of a potent immune response in the elderly using the TLR-5 agonist, flagellin, with a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125, STF2.HA1 SI)","volume":"29","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-017-0289-y","article-title":"A versatile papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) vaccine platform based on sortase-mediated antigen coupling","volume":"15","author":"Therien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701067","article-title":"B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling promotes initial cell proliferation and differentiation to enhance the germinal center response to a virus-like particle","volume":"200","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3098-7","article-title":"Enhanced and long term immunogenicity of a Her-2\/neu multi-epitope vaccine conjugated to the carrier CRM197 in conjunction with the adjuvant Montanide","volume":"17","author":"Tobias","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.016","article-title":"Development of an epitope-based vaccine inhibiting immune cells rolling and migration against atherosclerosis using in silico approaches","volume":"70","author":"Tourani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computational Biology and Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2017.06.032","article-title":"Glycoengineered outer membrane vesicles as a platform for vaccine development","volume":"597","author":"Valguarnera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.11.003","article-title":"Improved peptide vaccine strategies, creating synthetic artificial infections to maximize immune efficacy","volume":"58","author":"Van Der Burg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.08.056","article-title":"Tetanus Toxoid carrier protein induced T-helper cell responses upon vaccination of middle-aged adults","volume":"35","author":"Van Der Heiden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines4020012","article-title":"Recent advances in subunit vaccine carriers","volume":"4","author":"Vartak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.811208","article-title":"The use of Toll-like receptor 7\/8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"12","author":"Vasilakos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-017-0005-9","article-title":"Inhibition of RM-1 prostate carcinoma and eliciting robust immune responses in the mouse model by using VEGF-M2-GnRH3-hinge-MVP vaccine","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes & Immunity"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0135","article-title":"Major immunodominant region of hepatitis B virus core antigen as a delivery vector to improve the immunogenicity of the fusion antigen ROP2-SAG1 multiepitope from Toxoplasma gondii in Mice","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Viral Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.01.002","article-title":"Microneedle delivery of an M2e-TLR5 ligand fusion protein to skin confers broadly cross-protective influenza immunity","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Controlled Release"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2422","article-title":"Stimulation of Th1-polarizing cytokines, C-C chemokines, maturation of dendritic cells, and adjuvant function by the peptide binding fragment of heat shock protein 70","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.03.007","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles conjugating recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimers and flagellin enhanced mucosal cellular immunity","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018b","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S137222","article-title":"Dual-linker gold nanoparticles as adjuvanting carriers for multivalent display of recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimers and flagellin improve the immunological responses in vivo and in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017b","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.12.124","article-title":"Recombinant heat shock protein 65 carrying PADRE and HBV epitopes activates dendritic cells and elicits HBV-specific CTL responses","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.036","article-title":"Neutralization effects of antibody elicited by chimeric HBV S antigen viral-like particles presenting HCV neutralization epitopes","volume":"36","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2016.17.1.71","article-title":"A novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide providing heterologous protection in mice","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15737","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981436i","article-title":"Characterization of membrane translocation by anthrax protective antigen","volume":"37","author":"Wesche","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70140-0","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and antibody response of active Abeta immunotherapy with CAD106 in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study","volume":"11","author":"Winblad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.065","article-title":"A novel combined vaccine based on monochimeric VLP co-displaying multiple conserved epitopes against enterovirus 71 and varicella-zoster virus","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1928-0","article-title":"Immunogenicity and efficacy of a rationally designed vaccine against vascular endothelial growth factor in mouse solid tumor models","volume":"66","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1039\/c5bm00507h","article-title":"Design of nanomaterial based systems for novel vaccine development","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2011.11.011","article-title":"Optimizing the refolding conditions of self-assembling polypeptide nanoparticles that serve as repetitive antigen display systems","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-015-0370-x","article-title":"Antigen cross-presentation and heat shock protein-based vaccines","volume":"64","author":"Zachova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030146","article-title":"Immunological evaluation of lipopeptide group A streptococcus (GAS) vaccine: structure-activity relationship","volume":"7","author":"Zaman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2010.10.002","article-title":"Self-adjuvanting polyacrylic nanoparticulate delivery system for group A streptococcus (GAS) vaccine","volume":"7","author":"Zaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00318","article-title":"Immunostimulation by synthetic lipopeptide-based vaccine candidates: structure-activity relationships","volume":"4","author":"Zaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.09.012","article-title":"A novel candidate HPV vaccine: MS2 phage VLP displaying a tandem HPV L2 peptide offers similar protection in mice to Gardasil-9","volume":"147","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0163080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163080","article-title":"A rationally designed TNF-\u03b1 epitope-scaffold immunogen induces sustained antibody response and alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201500028","article-title":"Enhancing antibody response against small molecular hapten with tobacco mosaic virus as a polyvalent carrier","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.11.069","article-title":"Nanoparticle vaccines","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.026","article-title":"Influenza H7N9 LAH-HBc virus-like particle vaccine with adjuvant protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39293","article-title":"Using 3 TLR ligands as a combination adjuvant induces qualitative changes in T cell responses needed for antiviral protection in mice","volume":"120","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6185\/ref-253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.007","article-title":"A highly conserved epitope-vaccine candidate against varicella-zoster virus induces neutralizing antibodies in mice","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/6185.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/6185.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/6185.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/6185.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T18:12:47Z","timestamp":1694542367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/6185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"references-count":253,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.6185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.6185","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.2\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.1\/reviews\/4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.1\/reviews\/3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.1\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.1\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.6185v0.2\/reviews\/4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"article-number":"e6185"}}