{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:11:57Z","timestamp":1772269917667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cholera, an acute enteric infection, is a serious health challenge in both the underdeveloped and the developing world. It is caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      after ingestion of fecal contaminated food or water. Cholera outbreaks have recently been observed in regions facing natural calamities (i.e., earthquake in Haiti 2010) or war (i.e., ongoing civil war in Yemen 2016) where healthcare and sanitary setups have been disrupted as a consequence. Whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been in market but their regimen efficacy has been questioned. A reverse vaccinology (RV) approach has been applied as a successful anti-microbial measure for many infectious diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the aim of finding new protective antigens for vaccine development, the\n                      <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      O1 (biovar eltr str. N16961) proteome was computationally screened in a sequential prioritization approach that focused on determining the antigenicity of potential vaccine candidates. Essential, accessible, virulent and immunogenic proteins were selected as potential candidates. The predicted epitopes were filtered for effective binding with MHC alleles and epitopes binding with greater MHC alleles were selected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we report lipoprotein\n                      <jats:italic>NlpD<\/jats:italic>\n                      , outer membrane protein\n                      <jats:italic>OmpU<\/jats:italic>\n                      , accessory colonization factor\n                      <jats:italic>AcfA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Porin, putative and outer membrane protein\n                      <jats:italic>OmpW<\/jats:italic>\n                      as potential candidates qualifying all the set criteria. These predicted epitopes can offer a potential for development of a reliable peptide or subunit vaccine for\n                      <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T04:00:38Z","timestamp":1560916838000},"page":"e6223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fishing for vaccines against\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    using\n                    <i>in silico<\/i>\n                    pan-proteomic reverse vaccinology approach"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Muhammad I.","family":"Rashid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sammia","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saadia","family":"Andleeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6590","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.22.6590-6597.2001","article-title":"Vibrio fischeri outer membrane protein OmpU plays a role in normal symbiotic colonization","volume":"183","author":"Aeckersberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.093427","article-title":"The global burden of cholera","volume":"90","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6817","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6817-6827.2002","article-title":"Search for potential vaccine candidate open reading frames in the Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1: in silico and in vitro screening","volume":"70","author":"Ariel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.45","article-title":"The SWISS-PROT protein sequence database and its supplement TrEMBL in 2000","volume":"28","author":"Bairoch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.23477","article-title":"Epidemiologic and drug resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, in the 2011 cholera outbreak, in Alborz Province, Iran","volume":"8","author":"Barati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204927","article-title":"Cholera surveillance during the Haiti epidemic\u2014the first 2 years","volume":"368","author":"Barzilay","year":"2013","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.166892","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of oral cholera vaccine use, disease severity and deaths during an outbreak in South Sudan","volume":"94","author":"Bekolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.6223\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11885.x","article-title":"The protein data bank. 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