{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:40:52Z","timestamp":1790728852523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CMU College of Science and Engineering"},{"name":"Office of Research and Graduate Studies\u2019 Undergraduate Research Creative Endeavors grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A total of 16 different strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Microbacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were isolated from contaminated soil and enriched on the carcinogen, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. The majority of the isolates (11 of the 16) were able to tolerate concentrations (0.1 mM) of cobalt, cadmium, and nickel, in addition to Cr(VI) (0.5\u201320 mM). Interestingly, these bacteria were also able to tolerate three different antibiotics (ranges: ampicillin 0\u201316 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , chloramphenicol 0\u201324 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and vancomycin 0\u201324 \u03bcg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). To gain genetic insight into these tolerance pathways, the genomes of these isolates were assembled and annotated. The genomes of these isolates not only have some shared genes (core genome) but also have a large amount of variability. The genomes also contained an annotated Cr(VI) reductase (\n                    <jats:italic>chrR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) that could be related to Cr(VI) reduction. Further, various heavy metal tolerance (e.g., Co\/Zn\/Cd efflux system) and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, which provide insight into the isolates\u2019 ability to tolerate metals and antibiotics. Overall, these isolates showed a wide range of tolerances to heavy metals and antibiotics and genetic diversity, which was likely required of this population to thrive in a contaminated environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T03:32:43Z","timestamp":1547436763000},"page":"e6258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparative genomics of 16\n                    <i>Microbacterium<\/i>\n                    spp. that tolerate multiple heavy metals and antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Deric 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