{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:26:35Z","timestamp":1771028795523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>According to the synthesis of 30 years of multidisciplinary studies, parthenogenetic species of rock lizards of genus<jats:italic>Darevskia<\/jats:italic>were formed as a result of different combination patterns of interspecific hybridization of the four bisexual parental species:<jats:italic>Darevskia raddei<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>D. mixta<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>D. valentini<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>D. portschinskii<\/jats:italic>. In particular,<jats:italic>D. portschinskii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>D. raddei<\/jats:italic>are considered as the parental species for the parthenogenetic species<jats:italic>D. rostombekowi<\/jats:italic>. Here for the first time, we present the result of comparative immunocytochemical study of primary spermatocyte nuclei spreads from the leptotene to diplotene stages of meiotic prophase I in two species:<jats:italic>D. portschinskii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>D. raddei<\/jats:italic>. We observed similar chromosome lengths for both synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotypes as well as a similar number of crossing over sites. However, unexpected differences in the number and distribution of anti-centromere antibody (ACA) foci were detected in the SC structure of bivalents of the two species. In all examined<jats:italic>D. portschinskii<\/jats:italic>spermatocyte nuclei, one immunostained centromere focus was detected per SC bivalent. In contrast, in almost every studied<jats:italic>D. raddei<\/jats:italic>nuclei we identified three to nine SCs with additional immunostained ACA foci per SC bivalent. Thus, the obtained results allow us to identify species-specific karyotype features, previously not been detected using conventional mitotic chromosome analysis. Presumably the additional centromere foci are result of epigenetic chromatin modifications. We assume that this characteristic of the<jats:italic>D. raddei<\/jats:italic>karyotype could represent useful marker for the future studies of parthenogenetic species hybrid karyotypes related to<jats:italic>D. raddei<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T08:43:33Z","timestamp":1548837813000},"page":"e6360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extraordinary centromeres: differences in the meiotic chromosomes of two rock lizards species<i>Darevskia portschinskii<\/i>and<i>Darevskia raddei<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-9124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor","family":"Spangenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Arakelyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Galoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruzanna","family":"Petrosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Stepanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Center of Zoology 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