{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:51:19Z","timestamp":1792090279983,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundament Research Funds for Central Universities","award":["451170306057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451170306057"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and survival of patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was utilized to identify patients diagnosed with pulmonary LCNEC between 2004 and 2013. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis was conducted to determine the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate. Univariate survival analysis along with log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were employed to detect independent prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pulmonary LCNEC accounted for 0.58% (2972\/510607) of the total number of lung and bronchus carcinoma. And a total of 1,530 eligible cases were identified, with the median follow-up time of 11 months. To be specific, the 3-, 5-year OS and CSS rates were 22.8%, 16.8% and 26.5%, 20.8% respectively. Generally, pulmonary LCNEC was commonly detected in the elderly (72.2%), males (55.9%), the upper lobe (62.0%) and advanced AJCC stage (65.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that elderly [(\u226560 and &lt;80 years) HR:1.203, 95% CI [1.053\u20131.375],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007; (\u226580 years) HR:1.530, 95% CI [1.238\u20131.891],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001] and advanced AJCC stage [(stage III) HR:2.606, 95% CI [2.083\u20133.260],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; (stage IV) HR:4.881, 95% CI [3.923\u20136.072],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001] were independent unfavorable prognostic factors, and that female (HR:0.845, 95% CI [0.754\u20130.947],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004)), surgery [(Segmentectomy\/wedge resection) HR:0.526, 95% CI [0.413\u20130.669],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; (Lobectomy\/Bilobectomy) HR:0.357, 95% CI [0.290\u20130.440],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001;(Pneumonectomy) HR:0.491, 95% CI [0.355\u20130.679],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001] , chemotherapy (HR:0.442, 95% CI [0.389\u20130.503],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and radiation (HR:0.837, 95% CI [0.738\u20130.949],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) were independent favorable prognostic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To sum up, age at diagnosis, sex, AJCC 8th edition stage, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation were significantly associated with OS of patients with pulmonary LCNEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1553690716000},"page":"e6539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and survival of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a SEER population-based study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin 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