{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T20:37:24Z","timestamp":1722803844562},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31571536 and 31771654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571536 and 31771654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","award":["16KJA310003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KJA310003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BK20150990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013088","name":"Qing Lan Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The fibronectin type 3 and ankyrin repeat domains 1 gene, <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>, is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved gene present in vertebrates. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based knockdown transgenic mice have oligospermia caused by an increase in apoptotic germ cells. In this study, we investigated the in vivo function of <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, we generated <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>-knockout mice using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system. We then investigated the phenotype and in vivo function of <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>. Testes and epididymis tissues were analyzed by histological and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptotic cells were analyzed in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assays. Fertility and sperm counts were also evaluated. The GTEx database were used to assess gene expression quantitative trait loci and mRNA expression of candidate genes and genes neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In contrast to the <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>-knockdown model, no significant changes in epididymal sperm content and the number of apoptotic cells were observed in <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 homozygotes. In addition, a different pattern of Dusp1, Klk1b21 and Klk1b27 mRNA expression was detected in <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>-knockout testis. These results reveal differences in the molecular changes between <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>-knockdown mice and <jats:italic>Fank1<\/jats:italic>-knockout mice and provide a basic resource for population genetics studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T07:14:08Z","timestamp":1556090048000},"page":"e6827","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Normal spermatogenesis in <i>Fank1<\/i> (fibronectin type 3 and ankyrin repeat domains 1) mutant mice"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jintao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 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