{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:47:28Z","timestamp":1779166048532,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Glaesserella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\n                      <jats:italic>parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Multiple\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains can exist in single animals. Typing techniques are required for identifying\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Different strains within a serovar display varying virulence. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) can assess the heterogeneity. The group 1 virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaA) gene is an indicator of virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize Taiwanese\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates via molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and forty-five strains were collected between November 2013 and March 2017 in Taiwan and further examined by molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dendrogram revealed heterogeneous genetic diversity within many clusters. Partial correlation between the ERIC-PCR clusters of different strains, serovars and lesion patterns was observed. Twelve herds (8.3%) infected with more than one strain. Group 1 vtaA positive rate reached 98.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study showed the high genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Taiwan by a high discriminatory capability of ERIC-PCR. Group 1 vtaA commonly exists in\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Taiwanese\n                      <jats:italic>G. parasuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T04:18:00Z","timestamp":1558066680000},"page":"e6960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization of\n                    <i>Glaesserella parasuis<\/i>\n                    isolates from Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wei-Hao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Animal 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