{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:28:23Z","timestamp":1792808903833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","award":["201840336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201840336"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03at7w331","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17ZR1427100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZR1427100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81300771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81300771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31871281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81400397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81400397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project of Key Disciplines of Medicine in Yangpu District of Shanghai","award":["YP19ZA01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YP19ZA01"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Liberal Arts and Sciences Cross-Disciplinary Project","award":["YG2014QN13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2014QN13"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pterygium results from a variety of biological pathways that are involved in the formation of ocular surface diseases. However, the exact pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. Our study focused on gene expression profiles to better understand the potential mechanisms of pterygium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNA sequencing experiments were performed on clinical pterygium tissues and normal conjunctival tissues. To identify the hub genes for the development of pterygium, we further conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the dysregulation of the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key hub genes in the independent subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 339 DEGs (P-adjusted &lt; 0.05 and log2 fold change [log2FC] \u2265 1.0) were obtained that reached statistical significance with p-values &lt; 0.05. Among them, 200 DEGs were upregulated; these genes were mainly associated with the extracellular matrix and with cell adhesion or migration. In contrast, the 139 downregulated genes were enriched for endocrine and inflammation pathways. With regard to WGCNA, five modules were assigned based on the DEG profiles, and the biological functions of each module were verified with previously published GO terms. The functions included ECM-receptor interactions, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related pathway. The five hub genes with the highest connectivity in each module and the five most significant DEGs showed dysregulated expression in the independent cohort samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNA sequencing and WGCNA provided novel insights into the potential regulatory mechanisms of pterygium. The identified DEGs and hub genes, which were classified into two groups according to different functions or signalings, may provide important references for further research on the molecular biology of pterygium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T04:46:31Z","timestamp":1588567591000},"page":"e9056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Transcriptional profiling to identify the key genes and pathways of pterygium"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yihui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 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