{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:26:00Z","timestamp":1790403960548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of He\u2019nan Educational Committee of China","award":["14B230017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14B230017"]}]},{"name":"Industry University Research Cooperation Project of He\u2019nan Science and Technology Committee of China","award":["182107000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["182107000041"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Opening Cooperation Project of He\u2019nan Science and Technology Committee of China","award":["182106000039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["182106000039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immunological development, behaviors, and evolution. The specific microbial composition and evolution of the intestinal tracts of wild pigs remain poorly characterized. This study therefore sought to assess the composition, distribution, and evolution of the intestinal microbiome of wild pigs. For these analyses, 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions from five gut sections prepared from each of three wild sows were sequenced to detect the microbiome composition. These analyses revealed the presence of 6,513 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) mostly distributed across 17 phyla and 163 genera in these samples, with\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the most prevalent phyla of microbes present in cecum and jejunum samples, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    in wild pigs was higher than that in domestic pigs. At the genus level the\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Allobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n                    species of microbes were most abundant in all tested gut sections, with higher relative abundance in wild pigs relative to domestic pigs, indicating that in the process of pig evolution, the intestinal microbes also evolved, and changes in the intestinal microbial diversity could have been one of the evolutionary forces of pigs. Intestinal microbial functional analyses also revealed the microbes present in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) of wild pigs to engage distinct metabolic spatial structures and pathways relative to one another. Overall, these results offer unique insights that would help to advance the current understanding of how the intestinal microbes interact with the host and affect the evolution of pigs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T05:34:53Z","timestamp":1590471293000},"page":"e9124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (\n                    <i>Sus scrofa ussuricus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Guangli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Husbandry Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Agricultural, Zhengzhou City,  Henan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu City, Henan Province,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University,  Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 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