{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:05:09Z","timestamp":1773317109128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P."},{"name":"FLUVIO \u2013River Restoration and Management","award":["PD\/BD\/114181\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/114181\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sediments frequently exposed to dry-wet cycles are potential biogeochemical hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during dry, wet and transitional phases. While the effects of drying and rewetting on carbon fluxes have been studied extensively in terrestrial and aquatic systems, less is known about the effects of dry-wet cycles on N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions from aquatic systems. As a notable part of lotic systems are temporary, and small lentic systems can substantially contribute to GHG emissions, dry-wet cycles in these ecosystems can play a major role on N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study compiles literature focusing on the effects of drying, rewetting, flooding, and water level fluctuations on N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions and related biogeochemical processes in sediments of lentic and lotic ecosystems.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O pulses were observed following sediment drying and rewetting events. Moreover, exposed sediments during dry phases can be active spots for N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions. The general mechanisms behind N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions during dry-wet cycles are comparable to those of soils and are mainly related to physical mechanisms and enhanced microbial processing in lotic and lentic systems. Physical processes driving N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions are mainly regulated by water fluctuations in the sediment. The period of enhanced microbial activity is driven by increased nutrient availability. Higher processing rates and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O fluxes have been mainly observed when nitrification and denitrification are coupled, under conditions largely determined by O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> availability.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The studies evidence the driving role of dry-wet cycles leading to temporarily high N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions in sediments from a wide array of aquatic habitats. Peak fluxes appear to be of short duration, however, their relevance for global emission estimates as well as N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions from dry inland waters has not been quantified. Future research should address the temporal development during drying-rewetting phases in more detail, capturing rapid flux changes at early stages, and further explore the functional impacts of the frequency and intensity of dry-wet cycles.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:49:29Z","timestamp":1613123369000},"page":"e10767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effects of dry-wet cycles on nitrous oxide emissions in freshwater sediments: a synthesis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Renata","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"WasserCluster Lunz GmbH \u2013Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Weigelhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"WasserCluster Lunz GmbH \u2013Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Guerreiro","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"WasserCluster Lunz GmbH \u2013Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10201-010-0329-x","article-title":"Response of denitrification rate associated with wetting and drying cycles in a littoral wetland area of Lake Biwa, Japan","volume":"12","author":"Akatsuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Limnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801925105","article-title":"Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities","volume":"105","author":"Allison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9274-6","article-title":"Responses of benthic bacteria to experimental drying in sediments from Mediterranean temporary rivers","volume":"55","author":"Amalfitano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbial Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2018.12.001","article-title":"A conceptual framework for understanding the biogeochemistry of dry riverbeds through the lens of soil science","volume":"188","author":"Arce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2015.01.035","article-title":"Nitrogen processing following experimental sediment rewetting in isolated pools in an agricultural stream of a semiarid region","volume":"77","author":"Arce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-013-0327-2","article-title":"Implications of flow intermittency on sediment nitrogen availability and processing rates in a Mediterranean headwater stream","volume":"76","author":"Arce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02794","article-title":"Drying and rainfall shape the structure and functioning of nitrifying microbial communities in riverbed sediments","volume":"9","author":"Arce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2844-8_1","article-title":"Soil denitrification\u2014significance, measurement, and effects of management","volume-title":"Advances in Soil Science","volume":"18","author":"Aulakh","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-010-0462-x","article-title":"Nitrification and denitrification response to varying periods of desiccation and inundation in a western Kansas stream","volume":"658","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2011.08.011","article-title":"Soil microbial sources of nitrous oxide: recent advances in knowledge, emerging challenges and future direction","volume":"3","author":"Baggs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1646(200009\/10)16:5b457::AID-RRR597N3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems: a synthesis","volume":"16","author":"Baldwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regulated Rivers: Research and Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G01014","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JG001749","article-title":"Linkages between denitrification and dissolved organic matter quality, Boulder Creek watershed, Colorado","volume":"117","author":"Barnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-005-0858-3","article-title":"Contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions from soils at different water-filled pore space","volume":"41","author":"Bateman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.12.024","article-title":"Compaction effects on CO2 and N2O production during drying and rewetting of soil","volume":"41","author":"Beare","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01343734","article-title":"The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability","volume":"10","author":"Birch","year":"1958","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01681.x","article-title":"Reappraisal of drying and wetting effects on C and N mineralization and fluxes in soils","volume":"15","author":"Borken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386941-8.00022-8","article-title":"Coupling biogeochemistry and hydropedology to advance carbon and nitrogen cycling science","volume-title":"Hydropedology: synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology","author":"Castellano","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.23818\/limn.33.27","article-title":"Carbon dioxide efflux during the flooding phase of temporary ponds","volume":"33","author":"Catalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Limnetica"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01280.x","article-title":"Soils, a sink N2O? A review","volume":"13","author":"Chapuis-Lardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10007","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10007","article-title":"Analyses of soil microbial community compositions and functional genes reveal potential consequences of natural forest succession","volume":"5","author":"Cong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.10.040","article-title":"Nitrous oxide emissions and biogeochemical responses to soil freezing-thawing and drying-wetting","volume":"117","author":"Congreves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/C2015-0-00459-2","article-title":"General introduction","volume-title":"Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: ecology and management","author":"Datry","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/bit027","article-title":"Intermittent rivers: a challenge for freshwater ecology","volume":"64","author":"Datry","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(01)00076-1","article-title":"Influence of dry\u2013wet cycles on the interrelationship between aggregate, particulate organic matter, and microbial community dynamics","volume":"33","author":"Denef","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2020.04.006","article-title":"Improving N2O emission estimates with the global N2O database","volume":"47","author":"Dorich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00522","article-title":"Microbial responses to changes in flow status in temporary headwater streams: across-system comparison","volume":"6","author":"Febria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2003.7980","article-title":"A proposed mechanism for the pulse in carbon dioxide production commonly observed following the rapid rewetting of a dry soil","volume":"67","author":"Fierer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-002-1007-2","article-title":"Influence of drying-rewetting frequency on soil bacterial community structure","volume":"45","author":"Fierer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbial Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1086\/682060","article-title":"Drying responses of microbial litter decomposition and associated fungal and bacterial communities are not affected by emersion frequency","volume":"34","author":"Foulquier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Freshwater Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12112","article-title":"Long-term impact of hydrological regime on structure and functions of microbial communities in riverine wetland sediments","volume":"85","author":"Foulquier","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.115","article-title":"Impact of seasonal sediment desiccation and rewetting on microbial processes involved in greenhouse gas emissions","volume":"3","author":"Fromin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08058","article-title":"Microbial community structure and its functional implications","volume":"459","author":"Fuhrman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-013-9927-0","article-title":"Physical and biological controls on trace gas fluxes in semi-arid urban ephemeral waterways","volume":"121","author":"Gallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00407","article-title":"Soil nitrate reducing processes\u2014drivers, mechanisms for spatial variation, and significance for nitrous oxide production","volume":"3","author":"Giles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136838","article-title":"Hydrological variations shape diversity and functional responses of streambed microbes","volume":"714","author":"Gionchetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49832-4","article-title":"Distinct responses from bacterial, archaeal and fungal streambed communities to severe hydrological disturbances","volume":"9","author":"Gionchetta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-011-0854-6","article-title":"The effects of drying on sediment nitrogen content in a Mediterranean intermittent stream: a microcosms study","volume":"679","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-016-9963-4","article-title":"When water vanishes: magnitude and regulation of carbon dioxide emissions from dry temporary streams","volume":"19","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-015-0139-7","article-title":"Hot spots for carbon emissions from Mediterranean fluvial networks during summer drought","volume":"125","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jglr.2018.08.005","article-title":"Water level fluctuations and the ecosystem functioning of lakes","volume":"44","author":"Gownaris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Great Lakes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2006)26%5b862:IOHPFF","article-title":"Influence of hydrologic pulses, flooding frequency, and vegetation on nitrous oxide emissions from created riparian marshes","volume":"26","author":"Hernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wetlands"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2654","article-title":"Large contribution to inland water CO2 and CH4 emissions from very small ponds","volume":"9","author":"Holgerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"D14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002989","article-title":"Nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from the littoral zone of a boreal lake","volume":"108","author":"Huttunen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/12\/124003","article-title":"Enhanced greenhouse gas emission from exposed sediments along a hydroelectric reservoir during an extreme drought event","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1985.30.1.0111","article-title":"Diffusive boundary-layers and the oxygen-uptake of sediments and detritus","volume":"30","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00170106","article-title":"Seasonal denitrification in flooded and exposed sediments from the Amazon floodplain at Lago Camale\u00e3o","volume":"32","author":"Kern","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbial Ecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-2459-2012","article-title":"Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1128\/MR.46.1.43-70.1982","article-title":"Denitrification","volume":"46","author":"Knowles","year":"1982","journal-title":"Microbiological Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-004-0087-6","article-title":"Nitrogen turnover in drying sediments of an Amazon floodplain lake","volume":"49","author":"Koschorreck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbial Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WETL.0000005536.39074.72","article-title":"Nitrogen dynamics in seasonally flooded soils in the Amazon floodplain","volume":"11","author":"Koschorreck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wetlands Ecology and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/20442041.2018.1483126","article-title":"Extreme drought boosts CO2 and CH4 emissions from reservoir drawdown areas","volume":"8","author":"Kosten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inland Waters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845931896.0227","article-title":"Sinks for nitrous oxide at the earth\u2019s surface","volume-title":"Greenhouse gas sinks","author":"Kroeze","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0282-2","article-title":"The role of timing, duration, and frequency of inundation in controlling leaf litter decomposition in a river-floodplain ecosystem (Tagliamento, NE Italy)","volume":"147","author":"Langhans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002874","article-title":"The interplay between transport and reaction rates as controls on nitrate attenuation in permeable, streambed sediments","volume":"120","author":"Lansdown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-007-0930-1","article-title":"Invertebrate and microbial responses to inundation in an ephemeral river reach in New Zealand: effects of preceding dry periods","volume":"69","author":"Larned","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquatic Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.12646","article-title":"Ecological research and management of intermittent rivers: an historical review and future directions","volume":"61","author":"Leigh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-008-9465-2","article-title":"Effects of water-level fluctuations on lakes: an annotated bibliography","volume":"613","author":"Leira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14504","article-title":"Nitrous oxide emissions from inland waters: are IPCC estimates too high?","volume":"25","author":"Maavara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105149","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105149","article-title":"Denitrification in agriculturally impacted streams: seasonal changes in structure and function of the bacterial community","volume":"9","author":"Manis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2018.11.012","article-title":"Emissions from dry inland waters are a blind spot in the global carbon cycle","volume":"188","author":"Marc\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00819.x","article-title":"Microbial communities in streambed sediments recovering from desiccation","volume":"71","author":"Marxsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-003-0161-9","article-title":"Biogeochemical hot spots and hotmoments at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems","volume":"6","author":"McClain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.09.021","article-title":"Rewetting and litter addition influence mineralization and microbial communities in soils from a semi-arid intermittent stream","volume":"41","author":"McIntyre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05054-5_13","article-title":"Trace gas emissions from riparian areas of small eutrophic inland waters in Northeast-Germany","volume-title":"Wetlands in Central Europe","author":"Merbach","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1486","article-title":"Stream drying drives microbial ammonia oxidation and first-flush nitrate export","volume":"97","author":"Merbt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2012.07.025","article-title":"Using 15N tracers to estimate N2O and N2 emissions from nitrification and denitrification in coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land-uses","volume":"57","author":"Morse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20969-y","article-title":"Dry habitats sustain high CO2 emissions from temporary ponds across seasons","volume":"8","author":"Obrador","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.06.019","article-title":"Hydrologic history influences microbial community composition and nitrogen cycling under experimental drying\/wetting treatments","volume":"66","author":"Peralta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136980","article-title":"River-floodplain restoration and hydrological effects on GHG emissions: Biogeochemical dynamics in the parafluvial zone","volume":"715","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083365","article-title":"Bacterial community composition and extracellular enzyme activity in temperate streambed sediment during drying and rewetting","volume":"8","author":"Pohlon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.02.021","article-title":"Nitrous oxide from streams and rivers: A review of primary biogeochemical pathways and environmental variables","volume":"191","author":"Quick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2013.07.0311","article-title":"Temporal variability of nitrous oxide emissions by soils as affected by hydric history","volume":"78","author":"Rabot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Science Society of America Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.220.S","article-title":"Dry-wet cycles of kettle hole sediments leave a microbial and biogeochemical legacy","volume":"627","author":"Reverey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-016-2715-9","article-title":"Carbon and nutrient cycling in kettle hole sediments depending on hydrological dynamics: a review","volume":"775","author":"Reverey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0219","article-title":"Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function","volume":"88","author":"Schimel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2006)016%5b2064:DALAWA","article-title":"Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis","volume":"16","author":"Seitzinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-77","first-page":"109","article-title":"Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment","volume-title":"Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. A special report of working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124305","article-title":"Enhanced riparian denitrification in reservoirs following hydropower production","volume":"583","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2012.0059","article-title":"Soil nitrogen dynamics in a river floodplain mosaic","volume":"41","author":"Shrestha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2013.09.018","article-title":"Flood pulses control soil nitrogen cycling in a dynamic river floodplain","volume":"228\u2013229","author":"Shrestha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2611","article-title":"Nitrous oxide sinks and emissions in boreal aquatic networks in Quebec, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Soued","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.021","article-title":"Primer: the nitrogen cycle","volume":"26","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1890\/110136","article-title":"When the river runs dry: human and ecological values of dry riverbeds","volume":"10","author":"Steward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/1943815X.2010.497492","article-title":"Neglecting sinks for N2O at the earth\u2019s surface: does it matter?","volume":"7","author":"Syakila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803835-2.00006-1","article-title":"Chapter 3.2\u2014Nutrient and Organic Matter Dynamics in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams","volume-title":"Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: ecology and management","author":"Von Schiller","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GB006276","article-title":"Sediment respiration pulses in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams","volume":"33","author":"Von Schiller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5268\/IW-4.4.746","article-title":"Carbon dioxide emissions from dry watercourses","volume":"4","author":"Von Schiller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inland Waters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(12)60005-9","article-title":"Nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) and N2O reduction along the littoral gradient of a eutrophic freshwater lake","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiw035","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw035","article-title":"Desiccation and rewetting of lake sediments causes enhanced carbon turnover and shifts in microbial community composition","volume":"92","author":"Weise","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Micobiology Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.12734","article-title":"The influence of storm characteristics on hydrologic connectivity in intermittent channel networks: implications for nitrogen transport and denitrification","volume":"61","author":"Welter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Freshwater Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540802497582","article-title":"Exploring the \u2018Birch effect\u2019 in reservoir sediments: influence of inundation history on aerobic nutrient release","volume":"24","author":"Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemistry and Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-003-0716-0","article-title":"Substrate type, temperature, and moisture content affect gross and net N mineralization and nitrification rates in agroforestry systems","volume":"39","author":"Zaman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00169-10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00169-10","article-title":"Functional molecular ecological networks","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.10767\/ref-94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14225-3_6","article-title":"Importance of extracellular enzymes for biogeochemical processes in temporary river sediments during fluctuating dry\u2013wet conditions","volume-title":"Soil enzymology. Soil biology","volume":"22","author":"Zoppini","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/10767.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/10767.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/10767.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/10767.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:49:39Z","timestamp":1613123379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/10767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.10767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.10767","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"article-number":"e10767"}}