{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:50:58Z","timestamp":1767073858891,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:48:02Z","timestamp":1767073682000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmasking Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma as an Underlying Trigger in a Post-COVID Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Case"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Dadmehr","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmeet S","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose A","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Pilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan T","family":"VanderVeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.11.014","article-title":"Histiocytic disorders: recent insights into pathophysiology and practical guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Filipovich A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Filipovich A, McClain K, Grom A. Histiocytic disorders: recent insights into pathophysiology and practical guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010, 16:S82-9. 10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.11.014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13298","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a disorder of T cell activation, immune regulation, and distinctive immunopathology","volume":"322","author":"Jordan MB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jordan MB. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a disorder of T cell activation, immune regulation, and distinctive immunopathology. Immunol Rev. 2024, 322:339-50. 10.1111\/imr.13298","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.177","article-title":"Pathophysiology and epidemiology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"2015","author":"Allen CE","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allen CE, McClain KL. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015, 2015:177-82. 10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.177","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2314005","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"392","author":"Henter JI","year":"2025","unstructured":"Henter JI. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. N Engl J Med. 2025, 392:584-98. 10.1056\/NEJMra2314005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36140","article-title":"Hemophagocytic syndrome and COVID-19: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Fadlallah MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fadlallah MM, Salman SM, Fadlallah MM, Rahal H. Hemophagocytic syndrome and COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023, 15:e36140. 10.7759\/cureus.36140","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645013","article-title":"Autoimmune and rheumatic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adults: an updated systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Tang KT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang KT, Hsu BC, Chen DY. Autoimmune and rheumatic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adults: an updated systematic review. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:645013. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90766-x","article-title":"Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in severe COVID-19 - a retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Oppenauer J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oppenauer J, Clodi-Seitz T, Kornfehl A, et al.. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in severe COVID-19 - a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:6137. 10.1038\/s41598-025-90766-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(21)00366-5","article-title":"Malignancy-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"9","author":"Setiadi A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Setiadi A, Zoref-Lorenz A, Lee CY, Jordan MB, Chen LY. Malignancy-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Lancet Haematol. 2022, 9:e217-27. 10.1016\/s2352-3026(21)00366-5","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27929","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO)","volume":"66","author":"Jordan MB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jordan MB, Allen CE, Greenberg J, et al.. Challenges in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: recommendations from the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019, 66:e27929. 10.1002\/pbc.27929","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-10-3413","article-title":"An animal model of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma are essential for the disorder","volume":"104","author":"Jordan MB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jordan MB, Hildeman D, Kappler J, Marrack P. An animal model of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma are essential for the disorder. Blood. 2004, 104:735-43. 10.1182\/blood-2003-10-3413","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","author":"Zhang K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang K, Astigarraga I, Bryceson Y, et al.. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. GeneReviews. Adam P, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Amemiya A (ed): University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 2024."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2010.00890.x","article-title":"Inherited defects in lymphocyte cytotoxic activity","volume":"235","author":"Pachlopnik Schmid J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pachlopnik Schmid J, C\u00f4te M, M\u00e9nager MM, et al.. Inherited defects in lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Immunol Rev. 2010, 235:10-23. 10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2010.00890.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35275","article-title":"Coronavirus does it again: post-COVID-19 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)","volume":"15","author":"Jeyakanthan T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeyakanthan T, Ladel L, Khandpur B, Tan WY, Nasir SA. Coronavirus does it again: post-COVID-19 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Cureus. 2023, 15:e35275. 10.7759\/cureus.35275","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39295","article-title":"Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by interleukin-6: implications for the pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Cifaldi L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cifaldi L, Prencipe G, Caiello I, Bracaglia C, Locatelli F, De Benedetti F, Strippoli R. Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by interleukin-6: implications for the pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015, 67:3037-46. 10.1002\/art.39295","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009499","article-title":"T-cell activation profiles distinguish hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and early sepsis","volume":"137","author":"Chaturvedi V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaturvedi V, Marsh RA, Zoref-Lorenz A, et al.. T-cell activation profiles distinguish hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and early sepsis. Blood. 2021, 137:2337-46. 10.1182\/blood.2020009499","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.735125","article-title":"Persistent high percentage of HLA-DR+CD38high CD8+ T cells associated with immune disorder and disease severity of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Du J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du J, Wei L, Li G, et al.. Persistent high percentage of HLA-DR+CD38high CD8+ T cells associated with immune disorder and disease severity of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:735125. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.735125","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14147","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: differences and similarities","volume":"174","author":"Brisse E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brisse E, Wouters CH, Matthys P. Advances in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: differences and similarities. Br J Haematol. 2016, 174:203-17. 10.1111\/bjh.14147","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024026243","article-title":"HLH: diagnostics revisited and improved","volume":"144","author":"La Ros\u00e9e P","year":"2024","unstructured":"La Ros\u00e9e P, La Ros\u00e9e F. HLH: diagnostics revisited and improved. Blood. 2024, 144:2274-5. 10.1182\/blood.2024026243","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02941-3","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients: diagnostic reliability of HLH-2004 criteria and HScore","volume":"24","author":"Knaak C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knaak C, Nyvlt P, Schuster FS, et al.. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill patients: diagnostic reliability of HLH-2004 criteria and HScore. Crit Care. 2020, 24:244. 10.1186\/s13054-020-02941-3","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-011-1239-7","article-title":"Possible prediction of underlying lymphoma by high sIL-2R\/ferritin ratio in hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Tabata C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tabata C, Tabata R. Possible prediction of underlying lymphoma by high sIL-2R\/ferritin ratio in hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Hematol. 2012, 91:63-71. 10.1007\/s00277-011-1239-7","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429551-unmasking-epstein-barr-virus-ebv-positive-large-b-cell-lymphoma-as-an-underlying-trigger-in-a-post-covid-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-case","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:48:02Z","timestamp":1767073682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/429551-unmasking-epstein-barr-virus-ebv-positive-large-b-cell-lymphoma-as-an-underlying-trigger-in-a-post-covid-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-case"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.100374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]}}}