{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:06:49Z","timestamp":1767161209112,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:03:00Z","timestamp":1767160980000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanohydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass Composites in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shrinit","family":"Babel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunit","family":"Babel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed R","family":"Peeran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binu","family":"Pratap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.122515","article-title":"Glucose cross-linked hydrogels conjugate HA nanorods as bone scaffolds: green synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies","volume":"242","author":"Karvandian FM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karvandian FM, Shafiei N, Mohandes F, Dolatyar B, Zandi N, Zeynali B, Simchi A. Glucose cross-linked hydrogels conjugate HA nanorods as bone scaffolds: green synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies. Mater Chem Phys. 2020, 242:122515.","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Incorporation of hydroxyapatite into nanofibrous PLGA scaffold towards improved breast cancer cell behavior","volume":"226","author":"Luo H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo H, Zhang Y, Gan D, et al.. Incorporation of hydroxyapatite into nanofibrous PLGA scaffold towards improved breast cancer cell behavior. Mater Chem Phys. 2019, 226:177-183.","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Development of bone scaffold using Puntius conchonius fish scale derived hydroxyapatite: Physico-mechanical and bioactivity evaluations","volume":"45","author":"Deb P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deb P, Barua E, Deoghare AB, Lala SD. Development of bone scaffold using Puntius conchonius fish scale derived hydroxyapatite: Physico-mechanical and bioactivity evaluations. Ceram Int. 2019, 45:10004-10012.","journal-title":"Ceram Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2015.11.044","article-title":"Microwave-assisted preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite for bone substitutes","volume":"42","author":"Hassan MN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hassan MN, Mahmoud MM, El-Fattah AA, Kandil S. Microwave-assisted preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite for bone substitutes. Ceram Int. 2016, 42:3725-3744.","journal-title":"Ceram Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v33.i1.30","article-title":"The effective role of hydroxyapatite based composites in anticancer drug delivery systems","volume":"33","author":"Saber-Samandari S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saber-Samandari S, Nezafati N, Saber-Samandari S. The effective role of hydroxyapatite based composites in anticancer drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2016, 33:41-75. 10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v33.i1.30","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Effect of curcumin sorbed selenite substituted hydroxyapatite on osteosarcoma cells: an in vitro study","volume":"60","author":"Dhatchayani S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhatchayani S, Vijayakumar S, Sarala N, Vaseeharan B, Sankaranarayanan K. Effect of curcumin sorbed selenite substituted hydroxyapatite on osteosarcoma cells: an in vitro study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020, 60:101963.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"3D hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration and local drug delivery applications","volume":"53","author":"Mondal S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mondal S, Pal U. 3D hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration and local drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019, 53:101131.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.03.022","article-title":"Effect of hydroxyapatite particle size, morphology and crystallinity on proliferation of colon cancer HCT116 cells","volume":"39","author":"Dey S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dey S, Das M, Balla VK. Effect of hydroxyapatite particle size, morphology and crystallinity on proliferation of colon cancer HCT116 cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014, 39:336-9. 10.1016\/j.msec.2014.03.022","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax6946","article-title":"Application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in tumor-associated bone segmental defect","volume":"5","author":"Zhang K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang K, Zhou Y, Xiao C, et al.. Application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in tumor-associated bone segmental defect. Sci Adv. 2019, 5:eaax6946. 10.1126\/sciadv.aax6946","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Nanocrystalline apatites in biological systems: characterisation, structure and properties","volume":"38","author":"Rey C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rey C, Combes C, Drouet C, Lebugle A, Sfihi H, Barroug A. Nanocrystalline apatites in biological systems: characterisation, structure and properties. Mater Werkst. 2007, 38:996-1002.","journal-title":"Mater Werkst"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-015-5553-9","article-title":"Biomimetic apatite-based composite materials obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS): physicochemical and mechanical characterizations","volume":"26","author":"Brouillet F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brouillet F, Laurencin D, Grossin D, Drouet C, Estournes C, Chevallier G, Rey C. Biomimetic apatite-based composite materials obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS): physicochemical and mechanical characterizations. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2015, 26:223. 10.1007\/s10856-015-5553-9","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Preparation of sodium silicate solutions and silica nanoparticles from South African coal fly ash","volume":"11","author":"Aphane ME","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aphane ME, Doucet FJ, Kruger RA, Petrik L, van der Merwe EM. Preparation of sodium silicate solutions and silica nanoparticles from South African coal fly ash. Waste Biomass Valorization. 2020, 11:4403-4417.","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Effect of sodium silicate types on the high calcium geopolymer concrete","volume":"803","author":"Ridzuan ARM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ridzuan ARM, Khairulniza AA, Arshad MF. Effect of sodium silicate types on the high calcium geopolymer concrete. Mater Sci Forum. 2015, 803:185-193.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Forum"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.112","article-title":"Preparation and in vivo investigation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins cross-linked collagen serving as synthesized tissue regeneration membrane","volume":"101","author":"Li S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Liu WC, Chang YH, Liu X, Chang CL, Lin C, Chung RJ. Preparation and in vivo investigation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins cross-linked collagen serving as synthesized tissue regeneration membrane. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019, 101:640-9. 10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.112","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731419826433","article-title":"Differential chondro- and osteo-stimulation in three-dimensional porous scaffolds with different topological surfaces provides a design strategy for biphasic osteochondral engineering","volume":"10","author":"Mahapatra C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahapatra C, Kim JJ, Lee JH, Jin GZ, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Differential chondro- and osteo-stimulation in three-dimensional porous scaffolds with different topological surfaces provides a design strategy for biphasic osteochondral engineering. J Tissue Eng. 2019, 10:2041731419826433. 10.1177\/2041731419826433","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110008","article-title":"Improving in vitro biocompatibility on biomimetic mineralized collagen bone materials modified with hyaluronic acid oligosaccharide","volume":"104","author":"Li M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Zhang X, Jia W, et al.. Improving in vitro biocompatibility on biomimetic mineralized collagen bone materials modified with hyaluronic acid oligosaccharide. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019, 104:110008. 10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110008","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias visualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness LA","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGuinness LA, Higgins JP. Risk-of-bias visualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res Synth Methods. 2021, 12:55-61. 10.1002\/jrsm.1411","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2020.124185","article-title":"Three-dimensional nano-hydroxyapatite sodium silicate glass composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering - a new fabrication process at a near-room temperature","volume":"260","author":"Lakrat M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lakrat M, Jabri M, Alves M, Fernandes MH, Ansari LL, Santos C, Mejdoubi EM. Three-dimensional nano-hydroxyapatite sodium silicate glass composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering - a new fabrication process at a near-room temperature. Mater Chem Phys. 2021, 260:124185.","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112722","article-title":"In vivo mimicking injectable self-setting composite bio-cement: scanning acoustic diagnosis and biological property evaluation for tissue engineering applications","volume":"218","author":"Park S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park S, Choi J, Vo TM, et al.. In vivo mimicking injectable self-setting composite bio-cement: scanning acoustic diagnosis and biological property evaluation for tissue engineering applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2022, 218:112722. 10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112722","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110660","article-title":"Novel bone-mimetic nanohydroxyapatite\/collagen porous scaffolds biomimetically mineralized from surface silanized mesoporous nanobioglass\/collagen hybrid scaffold: Physicochemical, mechanical and in vivo evaluations","volume":"110","author":"El-Fiqi A","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Fiqi A, Kim JH, Kim HW. Novel bone-mimetic nanohydroxyapatite\/collagen porous scaffolds biomimetically mineralized from surface silanized mesoporous nanobioglass\/collagen hybrid scaffold: Physicochemical, mechanical and in vivo evaluations. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020, 110:110660. 10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110660","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068342","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluations of nano-hydroxyapatite\/polyamide 66\/glass fibre (n-HA\/PA66\/GF) as a novel bioactive bone screw","volume":"8","author":"Su B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su B, Peng X, Jiang D, Wu J, Qiao B, Li W, Qi X. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of nano-hydroxyapatite\/polyamide 66\/glass fibre (n-HA\/PA66\/GF) as a novel bioactive bone screw. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e68342. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0068342","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10667857.2022.2053405","article-title":"Optimized consolidation process at a near-room temperature of nano-hydroxyapatite and sodium silicate glass composites for bone healing applications","volume":"37","author":"Lakrat M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakrat M, Jabri M, Fernandes MH, Alves MM, Elansari LL, Santos C, Mejdoubi EM. Optimized consolidation process at a near-room temperature of nano-hydroxyapatite and sodium silicate glass composites for bone healing applications. Mater Technol. 2022, 37:2623-2636.","journal-title":"Mater Technol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110764","article-title":"Development of nano-porous hydroxyapatite coated e-glass for potential bone-tissue engineering application: An in vitro approach","volume":"111","author":"Mahato A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahato A, Sandy Z, Bysakh S, et al.. Development of nano-porous hydroxyapatite coated e-glass for potential bone-tissue engineering application: An in vitro approach. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020, 111:110764. 10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110764","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105515","article-title":"Preparation and properties of nano silica-based bioactive glass\/apatite\/sodium alginate composite hydrogel","volume":"136","author":"Guan Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan Y, Mao Y, Liao J. Preparation and properties of nano silica-based bioactive glass\/apatite\/sodium alginate composite hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2022, 136:105515. 10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105515","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.53593","article-title":"Extrusion 3D printing of a multiphase collagen-based material: an optimized strategy to obtain biomimetic scaffolds with high shape fidelity","volume":"140","author":"Montalbano G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Montalbano G, Calore AR, Vitale-Brovarone C. Extrusion 3D printing of a multiphase collagen-based material: an optimized strategy to obtain biomimetic scaffolds with high shape fidelity. J Appl Polym Sci. 2023, 140:e53593. 10.1002\/app.53593","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b07294","article-title":"Cellulose nanocrystals--bioactive glass hybrid coating as bone substitutes by electrophoretic co-deposition: in situ control of mineralization of bioactive glass and enhancement of osteoblastic performance","volume":"7","author":"Chen Q","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Q, Garcia RP, Munoz J, P\u00e9rez de Larraya U, Garmendia N, Yao Q, Boccaccini AR. Cellulose nanocrystals--bioactive glass hybrid coating as bone substitutes by electrophoretic co-deposition: in situ control of mineralization of bioactive glass and enhancement of osteoblastic performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015, 7:24715-25. 10.1021\/acsami.5b07294","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S57353","article-title":"Bone plate composed of a ternary nano-hydroxyapatite\/polyamide 66\/glass fiber composite: biomechanical properties and biocompatibility","volume":"9","author":"Qiao B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiao B, Li J, Zhu Q, et al.. Bone plate composed of a ternary nano-hydroxyapatite\/polyamide 66\/glass fiber composite: biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014, 9:1423-32. 10.2147\/IJN.S57353","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-021-06588-6","article-title":"Electrospun nano-fibrous bilayer scaffold prepared from polycaprolactone\/gelatin and bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering","volume":"32","author":"Elkhouly H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elkhouly H, Mamdouh W, El-Korashy DI. Electrospun nano-fibrous bilayer scaffold prepared from polycaprolactone\/gelatin and bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2021, 32:111. 10.1007\/s10856-021-06588-6","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings12111633","article-title":"Highly bioactive elastomeric hybrid nanoceramics for guiding bone tissue regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Chen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Que W, Lei B, Li B. Highly bioactive elastomeric hybrid nanoceramics for guiding bone tissue regeneration. Coatings. 2022, 12:1633.","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34094","article-title":"Synergistic effect of strontium, bioactive glass and nano-hydroxyapatite promotes bone regeneration of critical-sized radial bone defects","volume":"107","author":"Oryan A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oryan A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Kamali A, Hosseini S, Sayahpour FA, Baharvand H. Synergistic effect of strontium, bioactive glass and nano-hydroxyapatite promotes bone regeneration of critical-sized radial bone defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2019, 107:50-64. 10.1002\/jbm.b.34094","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-010-4077-6","article-title":"Enhanced osteointegration of orthopaedic implant gradient coating composed of bioactive glass and nanohydroxyapatite","volume":"21","author":"Xie XH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xie XH, Yu XW, Zeng SX, et al.. Enhanced osteointegration of orthopaedic implant gradient coating composed of bioactive glass and nanohydroxyapatite. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010, 21:2165-73. 10.1007\/s10856-010-4077-6","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.05.248","article-title":"Nano-hydroxyapatite bioactive glass composite scaffold with enhanced mechanical and biological performance for tissue engineering application","volume":"44","author":"Mondal S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mondal S, Hoang G, Manivasagan P, et al.. Nano-hydroxyapatite bioactive glass composite scaffold with enhanced mechanical and biological performance for tissue engineering application. Ceram Int. 2018, 44:15735-15746.","journal-title":"Ceram Int"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S106339","article-title":"Graphene oxide\/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Rodrigues B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodrigues B, Leite N, Cavalcanti B, et al.. Graphene oxide\/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016, 11:2569-85. 10.2147\/IJN.S106339","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31066","article-title":"Coating nanothickness degradable films on nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite particles to improve the bonding strength between nanohydroxyapatite and degradable polymer matrix","volume":"82","author":"Nichols HL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nichols HL, Zhang N, Zhang J, Shi D, Bhaduri S, Wen X. Coating nanothickness degradable films on nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite particles to improve the bonding strength between nanohydroxyapatite and degradable polymer matrix. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007, 82:373-82. 10.1002\/jbm.a.31066","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/379294","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite whisker reinforced 63s glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"2015","author":"Shuai C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shuai C, Cao Y, Gao C, Feng P, Xiao T, Peng S. Hydroxyapatite whisker reinforced 63s glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015:379294. 10.1155\/2015\/379294","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2012.06.066","article-title":"Effect of the composition of hydroxyapatite\/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams on their bioactivity and mechanical properties","volume":"47","author":"Ghomi H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghomi H, Fathi MH, Edris H. Effect of the composition of hydroxyapatite\/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams on their bioactivity and mechanical properties. Mater Res Bull. 2012, 47:3523-3532.","journal-title":"Mater Res Bull"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.10.006","article-title":"Strain shielding in proximal tibia of stemmed knee prosthesis: experimental study","volume":"41","author":"Completo A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Completo A, Fonseca F, Sim\u00f5es JA. Strain shielding in proximal tibia of stemmed knee prosthesis: experimental study. J Biomech. 2008, 41:560-6. 10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.10.006","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/445004-nanohydroxyapatite-and-bioactive-glass-composites-in-bone-regeneration-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:03:04Z","timestamp":1767160984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/445004-nanohydroxyapatite-and-bioactive-glass-composites-in-bone-regeneration-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.100455","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]}}}