{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1767341498701,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T08:06:44Z","timestamp":1767341204000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TrkB Overexpression via Gene Therapy: Enhanced Optic Nerve Uptake With Associated Increases in Mitochondria and Axoplasmic Transport"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sadat","family":"Yazdouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith R","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Visual impairment and blindness. (2023). Accessed: November 9, 2025: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blindness-and-visual-impairment."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1002","article-title":"Axonal transport and cytoskeletal changes in the laminar regions after elevated intraocular pressure","volume":"48","author":"Balaratnasingam C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balaratnasingam C, Morgan WH, Bass L, Matich G, Cringle SJ, Yu DY. Axonal transport and cytoskeletal changes in the laminar regions after elevated intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007, 48:3632-44. 10.1167\/iovs.06-1002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4037886","article-title":"Kinesin and dynein mechanics: measurement methods and research applications","volume":"140","author":"Abraham Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abraham Z, Hawley E, Hayosh D, Webster-Wood VA, Akkus O. Kinesin and dynein mechanics: measurement methods and research applications. J Biomech Eng. 2018, 140:0208051-02080511. 10.1115\/1.4037886","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00373","article-title":"Axonal transport and mitochondrial function in neurons","volume":"13","author":"Mandal A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mandal A, Drerup CM. Axonal transport and mitochondrial function in neurons. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019, 13:373. 10.3389\/fncel.2019.00373","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.11.016","article-title":"Early astrocyte redistribution in the optic nerve precedes axonopathy in the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"150","author":"Cooper ML","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooper ML, Crish SD, Inman DM, Horner PJ, Calkins DJ. Early astrocyte redistribution in the optic nerve precedes axonopathy in the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2016, 150:22-33. 10.1016\/j.exer.2015.11.016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0038-12.2012","article-title":"Ectopic vesicular glutamate release at the optic nerve head and axon loss in mouse experimental glaucoma","volume":"32","author":"Fu CT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fu CT, Sretavan DW. Ectopic vesicular glutamate release at the optic nerve head and axon loss in mouse experimental glaucoma. J Neurosci. 2012, 32:15859-76. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0038-12.2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07057.x","article-title":"Modulation of mitochondria in the axon and soma of retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model","volume":"115","author":"Munemasa Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Munemasa Y, Kitaoka Y, Kuribayashi J, Ueno S. Modulation of mitochondria in the axon and soma of retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model. J Neurochem. 2010, 115:1508-19. 10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07057.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16126","article-title":"Mitochondrial morphology differences and mitophagy deficit in murine glaucomatous optic nerve","volume":"56","author":"Coughlin L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coughlin L, Morrison RS, Horner PJ, Inman DM. Mitochondrial morphology differences and mitophagy deficit in murine glaucomatous optic nerve. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015, 56:1437-46. 10.1167\/iovs.14-16126","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: mechanisms and consequences","volume":"25","author":"Tezel G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tezel G. Oxidative stress in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: mechanisms and consequences. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006, 25:490-513. 10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.07.003","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0553","article-title":"Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress provides long-term neuroprotection in experimental optic neuritis","volume":"48","author":"Qi X","year":"2007","unstructured":"Qi X, Lewin AS, Sun L, Hauswirth WW, Guy J. Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress provides long-term neuroprotection in experimental optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007, 48:681-91. 10.1167\/iovs.06-0553","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111324","article-title":"Restoration of mitochondria axonal transport by adaptor Disc1 supplementation prevents neurodegeneration and rescues visual function","volume":"40","author":"Quintero H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quintero H, Shiga Y, Belforte N, et al.. Restoration of mitochondria axonal transport by adaptor Disc1 supplementation prevents neurodegeneration and rescues visual function. Cell Rep. 2022, 40:111324. 10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111324","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","article-title":"Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan DR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2000, 10:381-91. 10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-019-1567-0","article-title":"BDNF improves axon transportation and rescues visual function in a rodent model of acute elevation of intraocular pressure","volume":"63","author":"Du R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du R, Wang X, He S. BDNF improves axon transportation and rescues visual function in a rodent model of acute elevation of intraocular pressure. Sci China Life Sci. 2020, 63:1337-46. 10.1007\/s11427-019-1567-0","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04357-4","article-title":"BDNF-TrkB signaling in mitochondria: implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"62","author":"K Soman S","year":"2025","unstructured":"K Soman S, Swain M, Dagda RK. BDNF-TrkB signaling in mitochondria: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol. 2025, 62:1756-69. 10.1007\/s12035-024-04357-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.08.005","article-title":"TrkB signaling in retinal glia stimulates neuroprotection after optic nerve injury","volume":"185","author":"Harada C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harada C, Azuchi Y, Noro T, Guo X, Kimura A, Namekata K, Harada T. TrkB signaling in retinal glia stimulates neuroprotection after optic nerve injury. Am J Pathol. 2015, 185:3238-47. 10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.08.005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-03977.2002","article-title":"TrkB gene transfer protects retinal ganglion cells from axotomy-induced death in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Cheng L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cheng L, Sapieha P, Kittlerova P, Hauswirth WW, Di Polo A. TrkB gene transfer protects retinal ganglion cells from axotomy-induced death in vivo. J Neurosci. 2002, 22:3977-86. 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-03977.2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1041-8","article-title":"Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by a novel gene therapy construct that achieves sustained enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor\/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor-B signaling","volume":"9","author":"Osborne A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osborne A, Khatib TZ, Songra L, et al.. Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by a novel gene therapy construct that achieves sustained enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor\/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor-B signaling. Cell Death Dis. 2018, 9:1007. 10.1038\/s41419-018-1041-8","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Translimbal laser photocoagulation to the trabecular meshwork as a model of glaucoma in rats","volume":"43","author":"Levkovitch-Verbin H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levkovitch-Verbin H, Quigley HA, Martin KR, Valenta D, Baumrind LA, Pease ME. Translimbal laser photocoagulation to the trabecular meshwork as a model of glaucoma in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002, 43:402-10.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1997.0641","article-title":"Reduced size of retinal ganglion cell axons and hypomyelination in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"9","author":"Cellerino A","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cellerino A, Carroll P, Thoenen H, Barde YA. Reduced size of retinal ganglion cell axons and hypomyelination in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Mol Cell Neurosci. 1997, 9:397-408. 10.1006\/mcne.1997.0641","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2008.09.014","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"80","author":"Ghaffariyeh A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghaffariyeh A, Honarpisheh N, Shakiba Y, Puyan S, Chamacham T, Zahedi F, Zarrineghbal M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Optometry. 2009, 80:635-8. 10.1016\/j.optm.2008.09.014","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3978","article-title":"Prolonged delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by adenovirus-infected M\u00fcller cells temporarily rescues injured retinal ganglion cells","volume":"95","author":"Di Polo A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Di Polo A, Aigner LJ, Dunn RJ, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. Prolonged delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by adenovirus-infected M\u00fcller cells temporarily rescues injured retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998, 95:3978-83. 10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3978","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd2590","article-title":"Receptor-ligand supplementation via a self-cleaving 2A peptide-based gene therapy promotes CNS axonal transport with functional recovery","volume":"7","author":"Khatib TZ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khatib TZ, Osborne A, Yang S, et al.. Receptor-ligand supplementation via a self-cleaving 2A peptide-based gene therapy promotes CNS axonal transport with functional recovery. Sci Adv. 2021, 7:10.1126\/sciadv.abd2590","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.1.15","article-title":"Ganglion cell death in rat retina by persistent intraocular pressure elevation","volume":"18","author":"Kim DH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim DH, Kim HS, Ahn MD, Chun MH. Ganglion cell death in rat retina by persistent intraocular pressure elevation. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2004, 18:15-22. 10.3341\/kjo.2004.18.1.15","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0807-1","article-title":"The optic nerve head is the site of axonal transport disruption, axonal cytoskeleton damage and putative axonal regeneration failure in a rat model of glaucoma","volume":"121","author":"Chidlow G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chidlow G, Ebneter A, Wood JP, Casson RJ. The optic nerve head is the site of axonal transport disruption, axonal cytoskeleton damage and putative axonal regeneration failure in a rat model of glaucoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2011, 121:737-51. 10.1007\/s00401-011-0807-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12768","article-title":"Dynein, kinesin and morphological changes in optic nerve axons in a rat model with cerebrospinal fluid pressure reduction: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) study","volume":"94","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wu S, Jonas JB, Zhang J, Liu K, Lu Q, Wang N. Dynein, kinesin and morphological changes in optic nerve axons in a rat model with cerebrospinal fluid pressure reduction: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016, 94:266-75. 10.1111\/aos.12768","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-66","article-title":"Progressive ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration in DBA\/2J mice is variable and asymmetric","volume":"7","author":"Schlamp CL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schlamp CL, Li Y, Dietz JA, Janssen KT, Nickells RW. Progressive ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration in DBA\/2J mice is variable and asymmetric. BMC Neurosci. 2006, 7:66. 10.1186\/1471-2202-7-66","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00290","article-title":"Anterograde transport blockade precedes deficits in retrograde transport in the visual projection of the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Dengler-Crish CM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dengler-Crish CM, Smith MA, Inman DM, Wilson GN, Young JW, Crish SD. Anterograde transport blockade precedes deficits in retrograde transport in the visual projection of the DBA\/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Front Neurosci. 2014, 8:290. 10.3389\/fnins.2014.00290","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00579.2012","article-title":"Intrinsic physiological properties of the five types of mouse ganglion-cell photoreceptors","volume":"109","author":"Hu C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu C, Hill DD, Wong KY. Intrinsic physiological properties of the five types of mouse ganglion-cell photoreceptors. J Neurophysiol. 2013, 109:1876-89. 10.1152\/jn.00579.2012","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.019","article-title":"Synaptic energy use and supply","volume":"75","author":"Harris JJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris JJ, Jolivet R, Attwell D. Synaptic energy use and supply. Neuron. 2012, 75:762-77. 10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1661","article-title":"Intraocular pressure elevation induces mitochondrial fission and triggers OPA1 release in glaucomatous optic nerve","volume":"49","author":"Ju WK","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ju WK, Kim KY, Lindsey JD, et al.. Intraocular pressure elevation induces mitochondrial fission and triggers OPA1 release in glaucomatous optic nerve. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008, 49:4903-11. 10.1167\/iovs.07-1661","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313533-trkb-overexpression-via-gene-therapy-enhanced-optic-nerve-uptake-with-associated-increases-in-mitochondria-and-axoplasmic-transport","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T08:06:45Z","timestamp":1767341205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/313533-trkb-overexpression-via-gene-therapy-enhanced-optic-nerve-uptake-with-associated-increases-in-mitochondria-and-axoplasmic-transport"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.100594","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-8184"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}}}