{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:32:36Z","timestamp":1789590756660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.100789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:29:29Z","timestamp":1767598169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Volar Locking Plate Versus External Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Zahed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elmesalmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"El Menawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Elnaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farouk","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawad","family":"Azaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E","family":"Elbahnasawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein M","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hesham Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.001","article-title":"The epidemiology of distal radius fractures","volume":"28","author":"Nellans KW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nellans KW, Kowalski E, Chung KC. The epidemiology of distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2012, 28:113-25. 10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.001","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01297","article-title":"Trends in the United States in the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly","volume":"91","author":"Chung KC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chung KC, Shauver MJ, Birkmeyer JD. Trends in the United States in the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009, 91:1868-73. 10.2106\/JBJS.H.01297","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.06.001","article-title":"Distal radius fractures: current concepts","volume":"37","author":"Schneppendahl J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneppendahl J, Windolf J, Kaufmann RA. Distal radius fractures: current concepts. J Hand Surg Am. 2012, 37:1718-25. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.06.001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B5.19448","article-title":"Do young patients with malunited fractures of the distal radius inevitably develop symptomatic post-traumatic osteoarthritis?","volume":"90","author":"Forward DP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forward DP, Davis TR, Sithole JS. Do young patients with malunited fractures of the distal radius inevitably develop symptomatic post-traumatic osteoarthritis?. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008, 90:629-37. 10.1302\/0301-620X.90B5.19448","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_601_16","article-title":"Volar locking plate versus external fixation for distal radius fractures: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"52","author":"Fu Q","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu Q, Zhu L, Yang P, Chen A. Volar locking plate versus external fixation for distal radius fractures: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Indian J Orthop. 2018, 52:602-10. 10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_601_16","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01298","article-title":"Treatment of unstable distal radial fractures with the volar locking plating system","volume":"88","author":"Chung KC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chung KC, Watt AJ, Kotsis SV, Margaliot Z, Haase SC, Kim HM. Treatment of unstable distal radial fractures with the volar locking plating system. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006, 88:2687-94. 10.2106\/JBJS.E.01298","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Comparison of external and percutaneous pin fixation with plate fixation for intra-articular distal radial fractures","volume":"90","author":"Macnair RD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macnair RD, Ingham CJ, Davis BJ. Comparison of external and percutaneous pin fixation with plate fixation for intra-articular distal radial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008, 90:1784; author reply 1784-5.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318186006f","article-title":"Does a volar locking plate provide equivalent stability as a dorsal nonlocking plate in a dorsally comminuted distal radius fracture?: A biomechanical study","volume":"22","author":"Kandemir U","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kandemir U, Matityahu A, Desai R, Puttlitz C. Does a volar locking plate provide equivalent stability as a dorsal nonlocking plate in a dorsally comminuted distal radius fracture?: A biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma. 2008, 22:605-10. 10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318186006f","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.04.022","article-title":"Complications following volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures in adults: A systematic review of randomized control trials","volume":"48","author":"Nwosu C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nwosu C, Rodriguez K, Zeng S, Klifto KM, Klifto CS, Ruch DS. Complications following volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures in adults: A systematic review of randomized control trials. J Hand Surg Am. 2023, 48:861-74. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.04.022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.003","article-title":"Treatment strategies of distal radius fractures","volume":"28","author":"Bales JG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bales JG, Stern PJ. Treatment strategies of distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2012, 28:177-84. 10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.003","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: A new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP, Thomas J. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: A new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019, 10:ED000142. 10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200202000-00007","article-title":"The American academy of orthopaedic surgeons outcomes instruments: normative values from the general population","volume":"84","author":"Hunsaker FG","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunsaker FG, Cioffi DA, Amadio PC, Wright JG, Caughlin B. The American academy of orthopaedic surgeons outcomes instruments: normative values from the general population. JBJS. 2002, 84:208-15.","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02060","article-title":"Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches","volume":"87","author":"Beaton DE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN. Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005, 87:1038-46. 10.2106\/JBJS.D.02060","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70381-9","article-title":"Measurement of pain","volume":"79","author":"Katz J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999, 79:231-52. 10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70381-9","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Grip test; the use of a dynamometer with adjustable handle spacings","volume":"36-A","author":"Bechtol CO","year":"1954","unstructured":"Bechtol CO. Grip test; the use of a dynamometer with adjustable handle spacings. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954, 36-A:820-4; passim.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Grip strength: Effect of hand dominance","volume":"43","author":"Incel NA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Incel NA, Ceceli E, Durukan PB, Erdem HR, Yorgancioglu ZR. Grip strength: Effect of hand dominance. Singapore Med J. 2002, 43:234-7.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2005.02.008","article-title":"Essential radiographic evaluation for distal radius fractures","volume":"21","author":"Medoff RJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Medoff RJ. Essential radiographic evaluation for distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2005, 21:279-88. 10.1016\/j.hcl.2005.02.008","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.09.025","article-title":"A randomized comparison of volar plate and external fixation for intra-articular distal radius fractures","volume":"40","author":"Roh YH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roh YH, Lee BK, Baek JR, Noh JH, Gong HS, Baek GH. A randomized comparison of volar plate and external fixation for intra-articular distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2015, 40:34-41. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.09.025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-014-0317-8","article-title":"External fixation versus volar locking plate for displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures: A prospective randomized comparative study of the functional outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Shukla R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shukla R, Jain RK, Sharma NK, Kumar R. External fixation versus volar locking plate for displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures: A prospective randomized comparative study of the functional outcomes. J Orthop Traumatol. 2014, 15:265-70. 10.1007\/s10195-014-0317-8","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00275","article-title":"Surgical treatment of distal radial fractures with external fixation versus volar locking plate: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Ludvigsen T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ludvigsen T, Matre K, Gudmundsdottir RS, Krukhaug Y, Dybvik EH, Fevang JM. Surgical treatment of distal radial fractures with external fixation versus volar locking plate: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 , 103:405-14. 10.2106\/JBJS.20.00275","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00722","article-title":"Unstable distal radial fractures treated with external fixation, a radial column plate, or a volar plate. A prospective randomized trial","volume":"91","author":"Wei DH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wei DH, Raizman NM, Bottino CJ, Jobin CM, Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP. Unstable distal radial fractures treated with external fixation, a radial column plate, or a volar plate. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009, 91:1568-77. 10.2106\/JBJS.H.00722","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.039","article-title":"Volar locking plates versus external fixation and adjuvant pin fixation in unstable distal radius fractures: A randomized, controlled study","volume":"38","author":"Williksen JH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williksen JH, Frihagen F, Hellund JC, Kvernmo HD, Husby T. Volar locking plates versus external fixation and adjuvant pin fixation in unstable distal radius fractures: A randomized, controlled study. J Hand Surg Am. 2013, 38:1469-76. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.039","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.03.008","article-title":"External fixation and adjuvant pins versus volar locking plate fixation in unstable distal radius fractures: A randomized, controlled study with a 5-year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Williksen JH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williksen JH, Husby T, Hellund JC, Kvernmo HD, Rosales C, Frihagen F. External fixation and adjuvant pins versus volar locking plate fixation in unstable distal radius fractures: A randomized, controlled study with a 5-year follow-up. J Hand Surg Am. 2015, 40:1333-40. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.03.008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52628\/91.1.8617","article-title":"External versus internal fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Gupta M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gupta M, Goyal A, Rohela R, Pal CP. External versus internal fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures: A randomised controlled trial. Acta Orthop Belg. 2025, 91:97-111. 10.52628\/91.1.8617","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00014","article-title":"Volar locking plates versus augmented external fixation of intra-articular distal radial fractures: Functional results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Hammer OL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammer OL, Clementsen S, Hast J, \u0160altyt\u0117 Benth J, Madsen JE, Randsborg PH. Volar locking plates versus augmented external fixation of intra-articular distal radial fractures: Functional results from a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019, 101:311-21. 10.2106\/JBJS.18.00014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B9.20521","article-title":"Bridging external fixation and supplementary Kirschner-wire fixation versus volar locked plating for unstable fractures of the distal radius: A randomised, prospective trial","volume":"90","author":"Egol K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Egol K, Walsh M, Tejwani N, McLaurin T, Wynn C, Paksima N. Bridging external fixation and supplementary Kirschner-wire fixation versus volar locked plating for unstable fractures of the distal radius: A randomised, prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008, 90:1214-21. 10.1302\/0301-620X.90B9.20521","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417743936","article-title":"Volar locking plate fixation versus external fixation of distal radius fractures: A meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Gouk CJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gouk CJ, Bindra RR, Tarrant DJ, Thomas MJ. Volar locking plate fixation versus external fixation of distal radius fractures: A meta-analysis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2018, 43:954-60. 10.1177\/1753193417743936","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04312-7","article-title":"Volar locking plate versus external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Gou Q","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gou Q, Xiong X, Cao D, He Y, Li X. Volar locking plate versus external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021, 22:433. 10.1186\/s12891-021-04312-7","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.02.002","article-title":"Complications of distal radius fractures","volume":"38","author":"Turner RG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turner RG, Faber KJ, Athwal GS. Complications of distal radius fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2007, 38:217-28. 10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.02.002","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.021","article-title":"Intra-articular fractures of the distal radius evaluated by computed tomography","volume":"36","author":"Tanabe K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanabe K, Nakajima T, Sogo E, Denno K, Horiki M, Nakagawa R. Intra-articular fractures of the distal radius evaluated by computed tomography. J Hand Surg Am. 2011, 36:1798-803. 10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B9.35560","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of volar locking plate versus percutaneous fixation for distal radial fractures: Economic evaluation alongside a randomised clinical trial","volume":"97-B","author":"Karantana A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karantana A, Scammell BE, Davis TR, Whynes DK. Cost-effectiveness of volar locking plate versus percutaneous fixation for distal radial fractures: Economic evaluation alongside a randomised clinical trial. Bone Joint J. 2015, 97-B:1264-70. 10.1302\/0301-620X.97B9.35560","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01288","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of volar Locking plate compared with augmented external fixation for displaced intra-articular wrist fractures","volume":"102","author":"Hammer OL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammer OL, Jakobsen RB, Clementsen S, Fuglesang H, Bjornelv GW, Randsborg PH. Cost-effectiveness of volar Locking plate compared with augmented external fixation for displaced intra-articular wrist fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020, 102:2049-59. 10.2106\/JBJS.19.01288","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/442190-volar-locking-plate-versus-external-fixation-for-distal-radius-fractures-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:29:30Z","timestamp":1767598170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/442190-volar-locking-plate-versus-external-fixation-for-distal-radius-fractures-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.100789","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]}}}