{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T19:20:49Z","timestamp":1767813649517,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:04:18Z","timestamp":1767809058000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gynecoplastic Surgery: A Unified Terminology for Female Genital Aesthetic, Reconstructive, and Functional Procedures"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jose M","family":"Togo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thania M","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.96327","article-title":"The globally rising tide of cosmetic gynaecology: are providers aware of the ethical aspects?","volume":"17","author":"Syed SA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Syed SA, Anwar A. The globally rising tide of cosmetic gynaecology: are providers aware of the ethical aspects?. Cureus. 2025, 17:e96327. 10.7759\/cureus.96327","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Ethical considerations in relation to female genital cosmetic surgery. (2013). Accessed. November 6, 2025: https:\/\/qna.files.parliament.uk\/qna-attachments\/788291\/original\/HL3083%20B.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=transaction."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Elective female genital cosmetic surgery. ACOG Committee on Gynecologic Practice. (2020). Accessed. November 6, 2025: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/committee-opinion\/articles\/2020\/01\/elective-female-genital-cosmetic-s...."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). Ethical concerns in female cosmetic genital surgery. (2025). Accessed. November 6, 2025: https:\/\/www.figo.org\/news\/ethical-concerns-female-cosmetic-genital-surgery."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Onco-plastic surgery: \u201ctarget\u201d volume reduction (BCT-mastopexy), lumpectomy reconstruction (BCT-reconstruction) and flap-supported operability in breast cancer","author":"Audretsch W","year":"1994","unstructured":"Audretsch W. Onco-plastic surgery: \u201ctarget\u201d volume reduction (BCT-mastopexy), lumpectomy reconstruction (BCT-reconstruction) and flap-supported operability in breast cancer. Proceedings of the 2nd European Congress on Senology. Moncuzzi, Bologna, Italy; 1994. 139-57."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200301000-00005","article-title":"Oncoplastic techniques allow extensive resections for breast-conserving therapy of breast carcinomas","volume":"237","author":"Clough KB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clough KB, Lewis JS, Couturaud B, Fitoussi A, Nos C, Falcou MC. Oncoplastic techniques allow extensive resections for breast-conserving therapy of breast carcinomas. Ann Surg. 2003, 237:26-34. 10.1097\/00000658-200301000-00005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0860-9","article-title":"Increasing role of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Kaufman CS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaufman CS. Increasing role of oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019, 21:111. 10.1007\/s11912-019-0860-9","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2007.00437.x","article-title":"Paradigms in oncoplastic breast surgery: a careful assessment of the oncological need and esthetic objective","volume":"13","author":"Munhoz AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munhoz AM, Aldrighi CM, Ferreira MC. Paradigms in oncoplastic breast surgery: a careful assessment of the oncological need and esthetic objective. Breast J. 2007, 13:326-7. 10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2007.00437.x","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02254.x","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review","volume":"8","author":"Goodman MP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodman MP. Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review. J Sex Med. 2011, 8:1813-25. 10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02254.x","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2117-8","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic surgery: a review of techniques and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Iglesia CB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iglesia CB, Yurteri-Kaplan L, Alinsod R. Female genital cosmetic surgery: a review of techniques and outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2013, 24:1997-2009. 10.1007\/s00192-013-2117-8","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000516","article-title":"Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia: labiaplasty and beyond","volume":"134","author":"Hamori CA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamori CA. Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia: labiaplasty and beyond. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014, 134:661-73. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000516","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003181","article-title":"Why women request labiaplasty","volume":"139","author":"Sorice SC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sorice SC, Li AY, Canales FL, Furnas HJ. Why women request labiaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017, 139:856-63. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003181","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0831-1","article-title":"Anatomy and aesthetics of the labia minora: the ideal vulva?","volume":"41","author":"Clerico C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clerico C, Lari A, Mojallal A, Boucher F. Anatomy and aesthetics of the labia minora: the ideal vulva?. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2017, 41:714-9. 10.1007\/s00266-017-0831-1","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005883","article-title":"Female genital and vaginal plastic surgery: an overview","volume":"144","author":"Placik OJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Placik OJ, Devgan LL. Female genital and vaginal plastic surgery: an overview. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019, 144:284e-97e. 10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005883","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001182","article-title":"Joint report on terminology for cosmetic gynecology","volume":"28","author":"Developed by the Joint Writing Group of the International Urogynecological Association and the American Urogynecologic Society","year":"2022","unstructured":"Developed by the Joint Writing Group of the International Urogynecological Association and the American Urogynecologic Society. Joint report on terminology for cosmetic gynecology. Int Urogynecol J. 2022, 28:351-66. 10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001182","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-010-9552-4","article-title":"Mons pubis ptosis: classification and strategy for treatment","volume":"35","author":"El-Khatib H","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Khatib H. Mons pubis ptosis: classification and strategy for treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011, 35:12-9. 10.1007\/s00266-010-9552-4","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0669-1","article-title":"Labia majora augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler: technique and results","volume":"36","author":"Fasola E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fasola E, Gazzola R. Labia majora augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler: technique and results. Aesthet Surg J. 2016, 36:1155-63. 10.1007\/s00266-016-0669-1","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1439910","article-title":"Vaginal hyperlaxity syndrome: a new concept and challenge","volume":"21","author":"Palacios S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palacios S. Vaginal hyperlaxity syndrome: a new concept and challenge. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018, 21:340-6. 10.1080\/13697137.2018.1439910","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Topographic Labiaplasty: From Theory to Clinical Practice","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Isaza P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Isaza P, S\u00e1nchez-Borrego R. Topographic Labiaplasty: From Theory to Clinical Practice. Springer Nature, London, UK; 2024."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.96077","article-title":"Narrative review of clinical indices and imaging tools, with a proposal for an Integrative Grading Scale for vulvovaginal aging","volume":"17","author":"Rodas A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodas A, Sanabria G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Isaza P. Narrative review of clinical indices and imaging tools, with a proposal for an Integrative Grading Scale for vulvovaginal aging. Cureus. 2025, 17:e96077. 10.7759\/cureus.96077","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Long-term non-hormonal treatment of vaginal dryness","volume":"8","author":"Bachmann GA","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bachmann GA, Notelovitz M, Kelly SJ, Owens A, Thompson C. Long-term non-hormonal treatment of vaginal dryness. Clin Pract Sexuality. 1992, 8:3-8.","journal-title":"Clin Pract Sexuality"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108006","article-title":"Insights into the vulvar component of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)","volume":"186","author":"Cucinella L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cucinella L, Tiranini L, Cassani C, et al.. Insights into the vulvar component of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Maturitas. 2024, 186:108006. 10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.108006","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278597","article-title":"The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function","volume":"26","author":"Rosen R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, et al.. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000, 26:191-208. 10.1080\/009262300278597","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000281","article-title":"Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging questionnaire: a multidimensional measure of the impact of vaginal symptoms on functioning and well-being in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Huang AJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang AJ, Gregorich SE, Kuppermann M, et al.. Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging questionnaire: a multidimensional measure of the impact of vaginal symptoms on functioning and well-being in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2015, 22:144-54. 10.1097\/GME.0000000000000281","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.04.042","article-title":"Portable three-dimensional imaging to monitor small volume enhancement in face, vulva, and hand: a comparative study","volume":"75","author":"Almadori A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almadori A, Speiser S, Ashby I, Lacher R, Bishop D, Mosahebi A, Butler PE. Portable three-dimensional imaging to monitor small volume enhancement in face, vulva, and hand: a comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022, 75:3574-85. 10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.04.042","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15050627","article-title":"Transperineal vulvar ultrasound: a review of normal and abnormal findings with a proposed standardized methodology","volume":"15","author":"Montik N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Montik N, Grelloni C, Delli Carpini G, Petrucci J, Di Giuseppe J, Ciavattini A. Transperineal vulvar ultrasound: a review of normal and abnormal findings with a proposed standardized methodology. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025, 15:627. 10.3390\/diagnostics15050627","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/440075-gynecoplastic-surgery-a-unified-terminology-for-female-genital-aesthetic-reconstructive-and-functional-procedures","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:04:19Z","timestamp":1767809059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/440075-gynecoplastic-surgery-a-unified-terminology-for-female-genital-aesthetic-reconstructive-and-functional-procedures"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}