{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:23:01Z","timestamp":1767968581688,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T11:40:46Z","timestamp":1767958846000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Media Addiction and Its Association With Psychological Distress and Academic Performance Among Libyan Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Aseel  A","family":"Beetru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab A","family":"Sherlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asad  M","family":"Aljared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bodor  A","family":"Jarjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda M","family":"Tawel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2018.07.002","article-title":"Social media? It\u2019s serious! Understanding the dark side of social media","volume":"36","author":"Baccarella CV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baccarella CV, Wagner TF, Kietzmann JH, McCarthy IP. Social media? It\u2019s serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. Euro Manage J. 2018, 36:431-8. 10.1016\/j.emj.2018.07.002","journal-title":"Euro Manage J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115622482","article-title":"Social media and the transformation of public space","volume":"1","author":"van Dijck J","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Dijck J, Poell T. Social media and the transformation of public space. Soc Med Soc. 2015, 1:10.1177\/2056305115622482","journal-title":"Soc Med Soc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.635546","article-title":"COVID-19 stress and addictive social media use (SMU): mediating role of active use and social media flow","volume":"12","author":"Zhao N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao N, Zhou G. COVID-19 stress and addictive social media use (SMU): mediating role of active use and social media flow. Front Psychiatry. 2021, 12:635546. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.635546","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Statista. Social media. (2025 ). Accessed: August 30, 2025: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/topics\/1164\/social-media-usage-worldwide\/."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Digital 2025. Libya. (2025). Accessed: August 23, 2025: https:\/\/datareportal.com\/reports\/digital-2025-libya."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1590851","article-title":"A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Keles B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Int J Adolesc Youth. 2019, 25:79-93. 10.1080\/02673843.2019.1590851","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Youth"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890500114359","article-title":"A \u2018components\u2019 model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework","volume":"10","author":"Griffiths M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffiths M. A \u2018components\u2019 model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J Subst Use. 2005, 10:191-7. 10.1080\/14659890500114359","journal-title":"J Subst Use"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2022.22957","article-title":"Social media addiction, self-compassion, and psychological well-being: a structural equation model","volume":"23","author":"Mitropoulou EM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitropoulou EM, Karagianni M, Thomadakis C. Social media addiction, self-compassion, and psychological well-being: a structural equation model. Alpha Psychiatry. 2022, 23:298-304. 10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2022.22957","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11061683","article-title":"The impact of social media on learning behavior for sustainable education: evidence of students from selected universities in Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Abbas J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbas J, Aman J, Nurunnabi M, et al.. The impact of social media on learning behavior for sustainable education: evidence of students from selected universities in Pakistan. Sustainability . 2019, 11:1683. 10.3390\/su11061683","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-019-00543-6","article-title":"Social media use, school connectedness, and academic performance among adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Sampasa-Kanyinga H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Chaput JP, Hamilton HA. Social media use, school connectedness, and academic performance among adolescents. J Prim Prev. 2019, 40:189-211. 10.1007\/s10935-019-00543-6","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030295","article-title":"Evaluation of social media addiction and its relationship with anxiety and academic performance among medical and non-medical students: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Abdulsalim S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdulsalim S, Anaam MS, Farooqui M, et al.. Evaluation of social media addiction and its relationship with anxiety and academic performance among medical and non-medical students: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel). 2025, 13:295. 10.3390\/healthcare13030295","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106845","article-title":"Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values","volume":"117","author":"Cheng C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng C, Lau YC, Chan L, Luk JW. Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addict Behav. 2021, 117:106845. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106845","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000160","article-title":"The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Schou Andreassen C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schou Andreassen C, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Demetrovics Z, Mazzoni E, Pallesen S. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016, 30:252-62. 10.1037\/adb0000160","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00025","article-title":"Determination the cut-off point for the Bergen Social Media Addiction (BSMAS): diagnostic contribution of the six criteria of the components model of addiction for social media disorder","volume":"10","author":"Luo T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo T, Qin L, Cheng L, et al.. Determination the cut-off point for the Bergen Social Media Addiction (BSMAS): diagnostic contribution of the six criteria of the components model of addiction for social media disorder. J Behav Addict. 2021, 10:281-90. 10.1556\/2006.2021.00025","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00732-7","article-title":"The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale validity in a Romanian sample using item response theory and network analysis","author":"St\u0103nculescu E","year":"2022","unstructured":"St\u0103nculescu E. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale validity in a Romanian sample using item response theory and network analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022, 1-18. 10.1007\/s11469-021-00732-7","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer RL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166:1092-7. 10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16:606-13. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01153-w","article-title":"Internet addiction and social media addiction in medical faculty students: prevalence, related factors, and association with life satisfaction","volume":"48","author":"Sayili U","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayili U, Pirdal BZ, Kara B, et al.. Internet addiction and social media addiction in medical faculty students: prevalence, related factors, and association with life satisfaction. J Community Health. 2023, 48:189-98. 10.1007\/s10900-022-01153-w","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-025-00501-5","article-title":"Facebook addiction among medical students: prevalence and consequences","volume":"32","author":"Mohamed EF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohamed EF, Mohamed AE, Youssef AM, et al.. Facebook addiction among medical students: prevalence and consequences. Middle East Curr Psych. 2025, 32:7. 10.1186\/s43045-025-00501-5","journal-title":"Middle East Curr Psych"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47191\/ijsshr\/v6-i2-01","article-title":"An investigation of social media addiction among Moroccan adolescent students","volume":"6","author":"Benhadj Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benhadj Y. An investigation of social media addiction among Moroccan adolescent students. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research. 2023, 6:768-74. 10.47191\/ijsshr\/v6-i2-01","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Science and Human Research"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11101370","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of social media addiction among medical students in a selected university in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Alfaya MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfaya MA, Abdullah NS, Alshahrani NZ, et al.. Prevalence and determinants of social media addiction among medical students in a selected university in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Healthcare (Basel). 2023, 11:1370. 10.3390\/healthcare11101370","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34172\/jmdc.1132","article-title":"Prevalence of social media addiction and its related factors among students of nursing and midwifery in Iranian context: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Toumari R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toumari R, Ramezani-Badr F, Bulfone G, et al.. Prevalence of social media addiction and its related factors among students of nursing and midwifery in Iranian context: a cross-sectional study. J Multidiscip Care. 2023, 12:3-11.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Care"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2019.05.002","article-title":"Gender variations in social media usage and academic performance among the students of University of Sharjah","volume":"14","author":"Alnjadat R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alnjadat R, Hmaidi MM, Samha TE, Kilani MM, Hasswan AM. Gender variations in social media usage and academic performance among the students of University of Sharjah. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2019, 14:390-4. 10.1016\/j.jtumed.2019.05.002","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.061","article-title":"Problematic social media use and depressive symptoms among U.S. young adults: a nationally-representative study","volume":"182","author":"Shensa A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shensa A, Escobar-Viera CG, Sidani JE, Bowman ND, Marshal MP, Primack BA. Problematic social media use and depressive symptoms among U.S. young adults: a nationally-representative study. Soc Sci Med. 2017, 182:150-7. 10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.061","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.pbs.20150401.14","article-title":"Dimensions of social media addiction among university students in Kuwait","volume":"4","author":"Al-Menayes JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Menayes JJ. Dimensions of social media addiction among university students in Kuwait. Psychol Behav Sci. 2015, 4:23-8. 10.11648\/j.pbs.20150401.14","journal-title":"Psychol Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.10.021","article-title":"Impact of social media on the academic performance of undergraduate medical students","volume":"77","author":"Bhandarkar AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhandarkar AM, Pandey AK, Nayak R, Pujary K, Kumar A. Impact of social media on the academic performance of undergraduate medical students. Med J Armed Forces India. 2021, 77:S37-41. 10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.10.021","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v14-i9\/22712","article-title":"Social media use and academic performance among students at Pahang\u2019s public higher education institutions: a correlation study","volume":"14","author":"Mohd Jaffari NL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohd Jaffari NL, Noor Kamaruzzaman NS, Abdul Halim NS, et al.. Social media use and academic performance among students at Pahang\u2019s public higher education institutions: a correlation study. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2024, 14:1412-28. 10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v14-i9\/22712","journal-title":"Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1463671","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between social media dependence and internet addiction among college students from a bibliometric perspective","volume":"16","author":"Dong R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong R, Yuan D, Wei X, Cai J, Ai Z, Zhou S. Exploring the relationship between social media dependence and internet addiction among college students from a bibliometric perspective. Front Psychol. 2025, 16:1463671. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1463671","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1471425","article-title":"Social media addiction and personality dimensions among Tunisian medical students","volume":"15","author":"Guermazi F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guermazi F, Abid W, Baati I, et al.. Social media addiction and personality dimensions among Tunisian medical students. Front Psychiatry. 2024, 15:1471425. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1471425","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Libya endorses new strategy to prioritize mental well-being. (2024). Accessed: January 7, 2026: https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/lby\/libya-news\/libya-endorses-new-strategy-to-prioritize-mental-well-being.html."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/427089-social-media-addiction-and-its-association-with-psychological-distress-and-academic-performance-among-libyan-medical-students-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T11:40:47Z","timestamp":1767958847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/427089-social-media-addiction-and-its-association-with-psychological-distress-and-academic-performance-among-libyan-medical-students-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101152","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]}}}