{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:07:15Z","timestamp":1774566435308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T14:49:05Z","timestamp":1768142945000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Following Ophthalmic Steroid Use: A Rare Etiology"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Raad","family":"Alwithenani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Al Shanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waad M","family":"Malibarey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Alzoriri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bandar","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.4.358","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of corticosteroid-related hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients","volume":"12","author":"Donihi AC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donihi AC, Raval D, Saul M, Korytkowski MT, DeVita MA. Prevalence and predictors of corticosteroid-related hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. Endocr Pract. 2006, 12:358-62. 10.4158\/EP.12.4.358","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.12.023","article-title":"The high incidence of steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospital","volume":"99","author":"Fong AC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fong AC, Cheung NW. The high incidence of steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospital. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013, 99:277-80. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.12.023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(03)00038-1","article-title":"Management of patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy: an endocrine perspective","volume":"30","author":"Trence DL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Trence DL. Management of patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy: an endocrine perspective. Prim Care Clin Off Pract. 2003, 30:593-605. 10.1016\/S0095-4543(03)00038-1","journal-title":"Prim Care Clin Off Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00297-8","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids","volume":"96","author":"Schacke H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schacke H, Docke WD, Asadullah H. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther. 2002, 96:23-43. 10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00297-8","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420010131015","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the risk for initiation of hypoglycemic therapy","volume":"154","author":"Gurwitz JH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gurwitz JH, Bohn RL, Glynn RJ, Monane M, Mogun H, Avorn J. Glucocorticoids and the risk for initiation of hypoglycemic therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1994, 154:97-101.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12090","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia","volume":"6","author":"Perez A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez A, Jansen-Chaparro S, Saigi I, Bernal-Lopez MR, Mi\u00f1ambres I, Gomez-Huelgas R. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. J Diabetes. 2014, 6:9-20. 10.1111\/1753-0407.12090","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01176-4","article-title":"Intraocular penetration and systemic absorption after topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate","volume":"109","author":"Weijtens O","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weijtens O, Schoemaker R, Romijn F, Cohen AF, Lentjes GW, van Meurs JC. Intraocular penetration and systemic absorption after topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate. Ophthalmology. 2002, 109:1887-91. 10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01176-4","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000310711","article-title":"The influence of dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops on plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations after cataract surgery","volume":"210","author":"Roters S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roters S, Aspacher F, Diestelhorst M. The influence of dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops on plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations after cataract surgery. Ophthalmologica. 1996, 210:211-4. 10.1159\/000310711","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcor.jcor_95_24","article-title":"Effect of prednisolone acetate eye drops on blood glucose profile in Indian population","volume":"13","author":"Bhat A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhat A, Paritekar P, Umesh Y. Effect of prednisolone acetate eye drops on blood glucose profile in Indian population. J Clin Ophthalmol Res. 2025, 13:57-60. 10.4103\/jcor.jcor_95_24","journal-title":"J Clin Ophthalmol Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9032","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Kitabchi AE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009, 32:1335-43. 10.2337\/dc09-9032","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02461.x","article-title":"Ketoacidosis occurs in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes--a population-based study from Northern Sweden","volume":"25","author":"Wang ZH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang ZH, Kihl-Selstam E, Eriksson JW. Ketoacidosis occurs in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes--a population-based study from Northern Sweden. Diabet Med. 2008, 25:867-70. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02461.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259870","article-title":"Systemic reactions to ophthalmic drug preparations","volume":"2","author":"Fraunfelder FT","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fraunfelder FT, Meyer SM. Systemic reactions to ophthalmic drug preparations. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1987, 2:287-93. 10.1007\/BF03259870","journal-title":"Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1499","article-title":"Risk of diabetes associated with prescribed glucocorticoids in a large population","volume":"29","author":"Gulliford MC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gulliford MC, Charlton J, Latinovic R. Risk of diabetes associated with prescribed glucocorticoids in a large population. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29:2728-9. 10.2337\/dc06-1499","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00855.x","article-title":"Corticosteroids and peptic ulcer: meta-analysis of adverse events during steroid therapy","volume":"236","author":"Conn HO","year":"1994","unstructured":"Conn HO, Poynard T. Corticosteroids and peptic ulcer: meta-analysis of adverse events during steroid therapy. J Intern Med. 1994, 236:619-32. 10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00855.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10649.x","article-title":"Quantification of the risk of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus among the elderly","volume":"17","author":"Blackburn D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blackburn D, Hux J, Mamdani M. Quantification of the risk of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus among the elderly. J Gen Intern Med. 2002, 17:717-20. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10649.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP08331.RAR","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia","volume":"15","author":"Clore JN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clore JN, Thurby-Hay L. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Endocr Pract. 2009, 15:469-74. 10.4158\/EP08331.RAR","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701573704","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone eyedrops on blood glucose profile","volume":"32","author":"Bahar I","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bahar I, Rosenblat I, Erenberg M, Eldar I, Gaton D, Avisar R, Weinberger D. Effect of dexamethasone eyedrops on blood glucose profile. Curr Eye Res. 2007, 32:739-42. 10.1080\/02713680701573704","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199711050-00003","article-title":"Systemic adverse effects of topical ophthalmic agents. Implications for older patients","volume":"11","author":"Diamond JP","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diamond JP. Systemic adverse effects of topical ophthalmic agents. Implications for older patients. Drugs Aging. 1997, 11:352-60. 10.2165\/00002512-199711050-00003","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis in a prediabetic patient on ophthalmic steroids","author":"Szymanski K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szymanski K. Diabetic ketoacidosis in a prediabetic patient on ophthalmic steroids. Am Coll Physicians. 2024,","journal-title":"Am Coll Physicians"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.110.EP495","article-title":"Steroid-induced diabetes: when ocular treatment becomes a metabolic threat","author":"Bari M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bari M, Rafi S, Ijdda S, Tabib G, El Ansari N. Steroid-induced diabetes: when ocular treatment becomes a metabolic threat. Endocrine Abstracts. 2025, 10.1530\/endoabs.110.EP495","journal-title":"Endocrine Abstracts"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/453719-diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-a-patient-with-type-2-diabetes-following-ophthalmic-steroid-use-a-rare-etiology","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T14:49:06Z","timestamp":1768142946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/453719-diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-a-patient-with-type-2-diabetes-following-ophthalmic-steroid-use-a-rare-etiology"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101283","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]}}}